Language and languages

Here are entered works on language in general, works on the origin and history of language, and surveys of languages. Works dealing with the scientific study of human speech, including phonetics, phonemics, morphology and syntax, are entered under Linguistics.

See also what's at your library, or elsewhere.

• Meaning (Psychology)
• Philology
• Communication
• Information theory
• Ethnology
• Anthropology

• Language and languages -- Ability testing
• Language and languages -- Bibliography
• Language and languages -- Classification
• Language and languages -- Congresses
• Language and languages -- Early works to 1800
• Language and languages -- Etymology
• Language and languages -- Examinations
• Language and languages -- Forecasting
• Language and languages -- Maps
• Language and languages -- Origin
• Language and languages -- Periodicals
• Language and languages -- Philosophy
• Language and languages -- Physiological aspects
• Language and languages -- Political aspects
• Language and languages -- Religious aspects
• Language and languages -- Statistics
• Language and languages -- Study and teaching
• Language and languages -- Style
• Language and languages -- Variation
• Accents and accentuation
• Bias-free language
• Bilingualism
• Cognate words
• Colloquial language
• Computational linguistics
• Dialectology
• Elocution
• Extinct languages
• Flower language
• Formal languages
• Grammar, Comparative and general
• Grammar, Comparative and general -- Quantifiers
• Grammar, Comparative and general -- Syntax
• Historical linguistics
• Judgment
• Language acquisition
• Language and education
• Language planning
• Language policy
• Language spread
• Lexicology
• Linguistics
• Linguistics -- Statistical methods
• Mathematical linguistics
• Multilingualism
• Oratory
• Phraseology
• Printing -- Style manuals
• Psycholinguistics
• Punctuation
• Rhetoric
• Semantics
• Semantics (Philosophy)
• Sign language
• Sociolinguistics
• Speech
• Tone (Phonetics)
• Translating and interpreting
• Typology (Linguistics)
• Voice
• Writing
• Written communication

• Languages
• Foreign languages

• The Causes and Cure of Armaments and War (London: P. S. King and Co., 1914), by Albert William Alderson (multiple formats at archive.org)
• Die Haupttypen des Sprachbaus (in German; Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1910), by Franz Nikolaus Finck (page images at HathiTrust)
• Ethnologue (electronic edition; based on the 14th edition), ed. by Barbara F. Grimes (searchable HTML at ethnologue.com)
• In the Labyrinths of Language: A Mathematician's Journey (Philadelphia: ISI Press, c1981), by V. V. Nalimov, ed. by Robert Garland Colodny (linked PDF files here at Penn)
• An Introduction to the Study of Language (London: G. Bell and Sons; New York: H. Holt and Co., 1914), by Leonard Bloomfield (page images at Google; US access only)
• Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1921), by Edward Sapir (HTML at Bartleby)
• The Leaning Tower of Babel and Other Affronts from the Underground Grammarian, by Richard Mitchell (HTML at sourcetext.com)
• Less Than Words Can Say, by Richard Mitchell
  • HTML at sourcetext.com
  • multiple formats in Australia
• Marxism and Problems of Linguistics, by Joseph Stalin (HTML at marxists.org)
• Original Letters and Papers of the Late Viscount Strangford Upon Philological and Kindred Subjects (London: Trubner, 1878), by Percy Ellen Frederick William Symthe Strangford, ed. by Emily Anne Beaufort Smythe Strangford (multiple formats at archive.org)
• Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom (2 volumes; London: John Murray, 1920), by Edward B. Tylor
  • Volume I: multiple formats at archive.org
  • Volume II: multiple formats at archive.org
• The Psycho-Biology of Language: An Introduction to Dynamic Philology (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1935), by George Kingsley Zipf (page images at HathiTrust)
• Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization (Boston: Estes and Lauriat, 1878), by Edward B. Tylor (multiple formats at archive.org)

• Language Testing Reconsidered (c2007), ed. by Janna D. Fox, Marjorie Bingham Wesche, Doreen Bayliss, Liying Cheng, Carolyn E. Turner, and Christine Doe (PDF with commentary at Ottawa)

• A Book of the Beginnings (electronic edition, 2007), by Gerald Massey, ed. by Jon Lange (HTML at masseiana.org)

• Language Testing Reconsidered (c2007), ed. by Janna D. Fox, Marjorie Bingham Wesche, Doreen Bayliss, Liying Cheng, Carolyn E. Turner, and Christine Doe (PDF with commentary at Ottawa)

• English Next: Why Global English May Mean the End of "English as a Foreign Language" (c2006), by David Graddol (PDF with commentary at britishcouncil.org)

• The World Atlas of Language Structures (free online edition), ed. by Martin Haspelmath, Matthew S. Dryer, David Gil, and Bernard Comrie (Javascript-dependent illustrated HTML at wals.info)

• Anacalypsis (2 volumes; index, appendix, and illustrations omitted; originally published 1833-1836), by Godfrey Higgins (HTML at Tripod)

• Linguistic Discovery (full serial archives)

• Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic, by Benedetto Croce, trans. by Douglas Ainslie (Gutenberg text)
• Algebraic Semantics in Language and Philosophy, by Godehard Link (PDF at Stanford)
• Cratylus, by Plato, trans. by Benjamin Jowett (Gutenberg text)
• Cratylus, by Plato, trans. by Harold North Fowler (HTML at Perseus)
• Significs and Language: the Articulate Form of Our Expressive and Interpretative Resources (London: Macmillan and Co., 1911), by Victoria Welby
  • multiple formats at archive.org
  • page images at HathiTrust; US access only
• A Theory of Language and Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, c1997), by Ermanno Bencivenga (HTML at UC Press)
• Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (in English and German), by Ludwig Wittgenstein, trans. by C. K. Ogden, contrib. by Bertrand Russell (Gutenberg PDF and TeX)

• De Belgische Taalwetten (in Dutch; Gent: A. Siffer, 1892), by Alphonse Napoléon Prayon-van Zuylen van Nyevelt (page images at HathiTrust; US access only)

• Ethnologue (electronic edition; based on the 14th edition), ed. by Barbara F. Grimes (searchable HTML at ethnologue.com)

• Conditions for Second Language Learning (c1989), by Bernard Spolsky
  • Chapter 1: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 2: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 3: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 4: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 5: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 6: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 7: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 8: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 9: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 10: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 11: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 12: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 13: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 14: PDF at OUP
• Explorations in Applied Linguistics (2 volumes, 1979-1984) (PDF files at OUP)
• Learning Purpose and Language Use (1983), by H. G. Widdowson
  • Contents and introduction: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 1: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 2: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 3: PDF at OUP
  • Chapter 4: PDF at OUP
  • References and index: PDF at OUP
• Second-Language Learning (Boston et al.: Ginn and Co., c1948), by Harold B. Dunkel (page images at HathiTrust)

• The Act of Writing: A Media Theory Approach, by Daniel Chandler (Word 6.0 with commentary in the UK)

• Ka: A Handbook of Mythology, Sacred Practices, Electrical Phenomena, and Their Linguistic Connections in the Ancient Mediterranean World, by Hugh Crosthwaite, contrib. by Alfred De Grazia (PDF files at grazian-archive.com)

• Ambiguity Resolution in Language Learning: Computational and Cognitive Models, by Hinrich Schütze (PDF at Stanford)
• Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar, by Mark Johnson (PDF at Stanford)
• Beyond Grammar: An Experience-Based Theory of Language, by Rens Bod (PDF at Stanford)
• Computational Models of American Speech, by Mary Margaret Withgott and Francine R. Chen (PDF at Stanford)
• Computing Natural Language, ed. by Atocha Aliseda, Rob J. Van Glabbeek, and Dag Westerståhl (PDF at Stanford)
• Feature Logics, Infinitary Descriptions, and Grammar, by Bill Keller
• Prolog and Natural Language Analysis (digital edition, 2002), by Fernando C. N. Pereira and Stuart M. Shieber (PDF with commentary at mtome.com)

• Practice Book, Leland Powers School (1909), by Leland Powers (Gutenberg text)
• Public Speaking: Principles and Practice, by Irvah Lester Winter (Gutenberg text)

• Der Selam des Orients: oder, Die Sprache der Blumen (3 volumes in German; Berlin et al.: E.S. Mittler, 1841), by J. D. Symanski (page images at HathiTrust)
• The Language of Flowers: The Floral Offering, A Token of Affection and Esteem; Comprising the Language and Poetry of Flowers (Philadelphia: H. C. Peck and Theo. Bliss., 1852), by Henrietta Dumont (page images at Google)

• Partiality, Truth, and Persistence, by Tore Langholm (PDF at Stanford)

• Attribute-Value Logic and the Theory of Grammar, by Mark Johnson (PDF at Stanford)
• Die Haupttypen des Sprachbaus (in German; Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1910), by Franz Nikolaus Finck (page images at HathiTrust)
• Feature Logics, Infinitary Descriptions, and Grammar, by Bill Keller
• An Introduction to the Study of Language (London: G. Bell and Sons; New York: H. Holt and Co., 1914), by Leonard Bloomfield (page images at Google; US access only)
• Lexical Matters, ed. by Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi (PDF at Stanford)
• Linguistic Individuals, by Almerindo E. Ojeda (PDF at Stanford)

More items available under narrower terms.