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1. The Manager and Management Accounting -- iTunes Variable Pricing: Downloads Are Down, but Profits Are Up -- Financial Accounting, Management Accounting, and Cost Accounting -- Strategic Decisions and the Management Accountant -- Value-Chain and Supply-Chain Analysis and Key Success Factors -- Value-Chain Analysis -- Supply-Chain Analysis -- Key Success Factors -- Concepts in Action: Trader Joe's Recipe for Cost Leadership -- Decision Making, Planning, and Control: The Five-Step Decision-Making Process -- Key Management Accounting Guidelines -- Cost-Benefit Approach -- Behavioral and Technical Considerations -- Different Costs for Different Purposes -- Organization Structure and the Management Accountant -- Line and Staff Relationships -- The Chief Financial Officer and the Controller -- Management Accounting Beyond the Numbers -- Professional Ethics -- Institutional Support Typical Ethical Challenges -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 2. An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes -- High Fixed Costs Bankrupt Twinkie Maker -- Costs and Cost Terminology -- Direct Costs and Indirect Costs -- Cost Allocation Challenges -- Factors Affecting Direct/Indirect Cost Classifications -- Cost-Behavior Patterns: Variable Costs and Fixed Costs -- Cost Drivers -- Concepts in Action: Zipcar Helps Twitter Reduce Fixed Costs Relevant Range -- Relationships Between Types of Costs -- Total Costs and Unit Costs -- Unit Costs -- Use Unit Costs Cautiously -- Business Sectors, Types of Inventory, Inventoriable Costs, and Period Costs -- Manufacturing-, Merchandising-, and Service-Sector Companies -- Types of Inventory -- Commonly Used Classifications of Manufacturing Costs -- Inventoriable Costs -- Period Costs Illustrating the Flow of Inventoriable Costs and Period Costs -- Manufacturing-Sector Example -- Recap of Inventoriable Costs and Period Costs -- Prime Costs and Conversion Costs -- Concepts in Action: Cost Structure at Nordstrom Spurs Growth -- Measuring Costs Requires Judgment -- Measuring Labor Costs -- Overtime Premium and Idle Time -- Benefits of Defining Accounting Terms -- Different Meanings of Product Costs -- A Framework for Cost Accounting and Cost Management -- Calculating the Cost of Products, Services, and Other Cost Objects -- Obtaining Information for Planning and Control and Performance Evaluation -- Analyzing the Relevant Information for Making Decisions -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 3. Cost -- Volume -- Profit Analysis -- How "The Biggest Rock Show Ever" Turned a Big Profit -- Essentials of CVP Analysis Contribution Margin -- Expressing CVP Relationships -- Cost -- Volume -- Profit Assumptions -- Breakeven Point and Target Operating Income -- Breakeven Point -- Target Operating Income -- Target Net Income and Income Taxes -- Using CVP Analysis for Decision Making -- Decision to Advertise -- Decision to Reduce the Selling Price -- Determining Target Prices -- Sensitivity Analysis and Margin of Safety -- Cost Planning and CVP -- Alternative Fixed-Cost/Variable-Cost Structures -- Operating Leverage -- Concepts in Action: Cost -- Volume -- Profit Analysis Makes Megabus a Mega-Success -- Effects of Sales Mix on Income -- CVP Analysis in Service and Not-for-Profit Organizations -- Contribution Margin Versus Gross Margin -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Appendix: Decision Models and Uncertainty -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 4. Job Costingnalysis Job Costing and "Green" Home Construction -- Building-Block Concepts of Costing Systems -- Job-Costing and Process-Costing Systems -- Job Costing: Evaluation and Implementation -- Time Period Used to Compute Indirect-Cost Rates -- Normal Costing -- General Approach to Job Costing Using Normal Costing -- Concepts in Action: The Job Costing "Game Plan" at the New Cowboys Stadium -- The Role of Technology -- Concepts in Action: Home Depot Undergoes an Inventory Management "Fix-It" -- Actual Costing -- A Normal Job-Costing System in Manufacturing -- General Ledger -- Explanations of Transactions -- Subsidiary Ledgers -- Nonmanufacturing Costs and Job Costing -- Budgeted Indirect Costs and End-of-Accounting-Year Adjustments -- Underallocated and Overallocated Indirect Costs -- Adjusted Allocation-Rate Approach -- Proration Approach -- Writeoff to Cost of Goods Sold Approach -- Choosing Among ApproachestJob Costingnalysis Variations from Normal Costing: A Service-Sector Example -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 5. Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Management -- LG Electronics Reduces Costs and Inefficiencies Through Activity-Based Costing -- Broad Averaging and Its Consequences -- Undercosting and Overcosting -- Product-Cost Cross-Subsidization -- Simple Costing System at Plastim Corporation -- Design, Manufacturing, and Distribution Processes -- Simple Costing System Using a Single Indirect-Cost Pool -- Applying the Five-Step Decision-Making Process at Plastim -- Refining a Costing System -- Reasons for Refining a Costing System -- Guidelines for Refining a Costing System -- Activity-Based Costing Systems -- Plastim's ABC System -- Cost Hierarchies -- Implementing Activity-Based Costing -- Implementing ABC at Plastimngnalysis Comparing Alternative Costing Systems -- Considerations in Implementing Activity-Based Costing Systems -- Benefits and Costs of Activity-Based Costing Systems -- Behavioral Issues in Implementing Activity-Based Costing Systems -- Activity-Based Management -- Pricing and Product-Mix Decisions -- Cost Reduction and Process Improvement Decisions -- Design Decisions -- Planning and Managing Activities -- Activity-Based Costing and Department Costing Systems -- ABC in Service and Merchandising Companies -- Concepts in Action: Hospitals Use Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing to Reduce Costs and Improve Care -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 6. Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting -- "Scrimping" at the Ritz: Master Budgets -- Budgets and the Budgeting Cycle -- Strategic Plans and Operating Plans -- Budgeting Cycle and Master Budget Advantages and Challenges of Implementing Budgets -- Promoting Coordination and Communication -- Providing a Framework for Judging Performance and Facilitating Learning -- Motivating Managers and Other Employees -- Challenges in Administering Budgets -- Developing an Operating Budget -- Time Coverage of Budgets -- Steps in Preparing an Operating Budget -- Financial Planning Models and Sensitivity Analysis -- Concepts in Action: Web-Enabled Budgeting and Hendrick Motorsports -- Budgeting and Responsibility Accounting -- Organization Structure and Responsibility -- Feedback -- Responsibility and Controllability -- Human Aspects of Budgeting -- Budgetary Slack -- Stretch Targets -- Kaizen Budgeting -- Budgeting in Multinational Companies -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Appendix: The Cash Budget -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 7. Flexible Budgets, Direct-Cost Variances, and Management Control -- Going for the (Other) Green: Reducing Standard Costs -- Static Budgets and Variances -- The Use of Variances -- Static Budgets and Static-Budget Variances -- Flexible Budgets -- Flexible-Budget Variances and Sales-Volume Variances -- Sales-Volume Variances -- Flexible-Budget Variances -- Concepts in Action: Flexible Budgets at Corning -- Standard Costs for Variance Analysis -- Obtaining Budgeted Input Prices and Budgeted Input Quantities -- Price Variances and Efficiency Variances for Direct-Cost Inputs -- Price Variances -- Efficiency Variance -- Journal Entries Using Standard Costs -- Implementing Standard Costing -- Concepts in Action: Starbucks Reduces Direct-Cost Variances to Brew a Turnaround -- Management's Use of Variances -- Multiple Causes of Variances -- When to Investigate Variances -- Using Variances for Performance Measurement -- Organization Learning Continuous Improvement -- Financial and Nonfinancial Performance Measures -- Benchmarking and Variance Analysis -- Problem for Self-Study -- Decision Points -- Appendix: Mix and Yield Variances for Substitutable Inputs -- Terms to Learn -- Assignment Material -- Questions -- Exercises -- Problems -- 8. Flexible Budgets, Overhead Cost Variances, and Management Control -- Planning Fixed and Variable Overhead Costs at Tesla Motors -- Planning of Variable and Fixed Overhead Costs -- Planning Variable Overhead Costs -- Planning Fixed Overhead Costs -- Standard Costing at Webb Company -- Developing Budgeted Variable Overhead Rates -- Developing Budgeted Fixed Overhead Rates -- Variable Overhead Cost Variances -- Flexible-Budget Analysis -- Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance -- Variable Overhead Spending Variance -- Journal Entries for Variable Overhead Costs and Variances -- Fixed Overhead Cost VariancesOrganization Learning Production-Volume Variance -- Interpreting the Production-Volume Variance -- Journal Entries for Fixed Overhead Costs and Variances -- Concepts in Action: Variance Analysis and Standard Costing Help Sandoz Manage Its Overhead Costs
Lilburn, GA : Fairmont Press ; Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Distributed by Prentice-Hall, [1993]
0881731463 (Fairmont Press)
Introduction "Decoupling" Energy and Economic Growth Some Suggested Principles of Energy Management Initiating, Organizing, and Managing Energy Management Programs Organizing an Energy Management Program Initiating, and Managing an Energy Management Program Energy Auditing Energy Auditing Services Basic Components of an Energy Audit Specialized Audit Tools Industrial Audits Commercial Audits Residential Audits Indoor Air Quality Economic Analysis Objective Scope of Problems to be Covered Characteristics Anatomy of an Investment Project Basic Income Equations Tax Considerations Time Value of Money Methods for Evaluation of Projects Replacement Analysis Budget Considerations Special Problems Boilers and Fired Systems Key Elements for Maximum Efficiency Fuel Considerations Developing Technologies Regulations and Fuel Selection Steam and Condensate Systems Thermal Properties of Steam Estimating Steam Usage and its Value Steam Traps and Their Application Condensate Recovery Cogeneration Cogeneration System Design and Analysis Computer Programs U.S. Cogeneration Legislation: PURPA Evaluating Cogeneration Opportunities: Case Examples Closure Waste-Heat Recovery The Waste-Heat Survey Waste-Heat Exchangers Commercial Options in Waste-Heat Recovery equipment Economics of Waste-Heat Recovery Building Envelope Definitions and Concepts Significance of Envelope Heat Loss and Heat Gain Evaluation of Heat Loss and Heat Gain Methods of Improving Thermal Quality Estimating Energy Consumption Energy Budgets Optimum Envelope Performance Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems Energy Distribution Energy Methods of Control HVAC System Types Improving HVAC System Performance HVAC Equipment Domestic Hot Water Solar Energy Estimating Energy Consumption Electric Energy Management Definition of Terms Interior Power Distribution Systems Electric Motors Power-Factor Improvement Electrical-Load Management Electric Utility Energy Conservation Measures Energy Losses in Electric Equipment Utility Metering Practices Does Motor Starting Increase Billing Demand? Devices to Improve Motor Efficiency Fraud and Quackery Energy Management Control Systems Energy Management Systems Justification of EMCSs Systems Integration Appendix A: EMCS Software Specifications Appendix B: EMCS Installation Requirements Appendix C: The DDC Dictionary Appendix D: EMCS Manufacturers Directory Lighting Illumination Requirements System Elements Daylighting Lighting System Controls System Maintenance Operating schedules Psychology of Changeover Energy Systems Maintenance Developing the Maintenance Program Detailed Maintenance Procedures Materials Handling Maintenance Truck Operation and Maintenance Measuring Instruments Saving Energy Dollars in Materials Handling and Storage Recent Developments Industrial Insulation Fundamentals of Thermal Insulation Design Theory Insulation Materials Insulation Selection Insulation Thickness Determination Insulation Economics Use of Alternative Energy Solar Energy Wind Energy Refuse-Derived Fuels Other Considerations Physiological Considerations for Optimal Occupant Efficiency Criteria and Design Levels for Temperature Criteria and Design Levels for Lighting Indoor Environment and Health Ventilation Requirements and Design Levels Summary: Energy Manager's Dilemma -- Health and Safety Standards Fleet Management Administration Vehicle Dispatching Maintenance Operator and Staff Training Industrial Example Thermal Energy Storage Storage Systems Storage Mediums System Capacity Economic Summary Appendix 19-A: Partial List of Manufacturers Appendix 19-B: Partial List of Incentive Programs Codes, Standards and Legislation Executive Order Mandating Energy Conservation in Federal Buildings State Codes Model Energy Code National Energy Conservation Policy Act (NECPA)-1978 Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Standards Regulations and Standards Impacting CFCs Clean Air Act Amendment Regulatory and Legislative Issues Impacting Cogeneration and Independent Power Production Opportunities in the Spot Market Natural Gas Purchasing Natural Gas -- How is it Produced Origin of the U.S. Natural Gas Industry Moving Natural Gas from Field to Burner Tip Regulatory Impact on the Natural Gas Industry Natural Gas Prices and Transportation Costs Buying Natural Gas from Suppliers Control Systems Energy Conservation and the Laws of Thermodynamics Process Energy Conservation Energy Conservation Systems
Addressing Three Wicked Problems -- Introduction -- Climate Change -- Resource Depletion and Environmental Degradation -- Population Growth -- A Manageable Solution: How Cities Address the Challenges -- Aim of the Book -- Structure of Book -- References -- The Global Shift to a Low-Carbon Economy -- Introduction -- Tackling Emissions: The Front-End Versus End-User -- End-User Carbon Abatement -- Using Cities to Lead the Decarbonisation Effort -- Recognising Carbon Reduction in Urban Development -- Conclusion -- References -- Why Cities? -- Introduction -- The Vulnerability of Cities to Climate Change -- Cities' Contribution to Carbon Emissions -- Why Cities Are Fundamental in Tackling Climate Change -- Carbon and the Built Environment -- An Australian Perspective