Are We Pushing Animals to Their Biological Limits? : Welfare and Ethical Implications.

Intro -- Are We Pushing Animals to Their Biological Limits? -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Use New Genetic Technologies and Animal Breeding Methods Carefully to Avoid Problems -- Do Not Let Bad Become Normal -- Livestock Became Weaker since 1980 -- Always Look at Root Causes of Problems -- Excitable Pigs and Aggression -- Plant Breeders Lead the Way in Using GMOs and Gene Editing -- What Could Be the Downsides of these Genetic Advances? -- Where Do Animals Fit in? -- Avoiding Problems in the Future -- References -- 2 Domestication to Dolly and Beyond: A Brief History of Animal Modification -- Introduction -- Varieties of Modification -- Domestication -- Modification of behaviour and phenotype -- Non-therapeutic modification -- Modification by technology -- Therapeutic modification -- Cloning (nuclear transfer) and genetic modification -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Good for Whom? Differences between Human and Animal Enhancement -- Introduction -- Human enhancement -- Animal Enhancement: Conceptual Issues -- Individuals or species? -- Whose interests? -- The animal identity problem -- Animal Enhancement: Ethical Challenges -- Animal de-hancement and creative beneficence -- De-hancement and telos -- A social model of enhancement? -- Justice in Human and Animal Enhancement -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Working Equids: The Welfare of Those Worked to Their Limit -- Introduction - Working Equids' Context -- Welfare Consequences of Working Equids Being Pushed to Their Biological Limits -- Access to food -- Access to water -- Shelter -- Management of disease and injuries -- Handling and management practices -- Behaviour -- Appropriate workloads and fitness to work -- Equipment and service provision - farriery and equipment -- End of working life -- Improving Life for Working Equids.

Practical suggestions for rectification at local level -- A Global Framework to Address Issues Associated with Working Equids Being Pushed to Their Limits -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Genetics and Other Technologies for Increasing the Productivity of Cattle, Sheep and Pigs: Welfare Implications -- Introduction -- Lameness, Leg Problems and Body Condition -- Dairy cows -- Pigs -- Selection for more efficient feed conversion -- Beef cattle -- Genetics: Effects on Behaviour Problems -- Pigs -- Beef cattle -- Cardiac Weakness, Acidosis and Liver Abscesses -- Not Enough Feed to Support It -- Issues with Growth Promoters and Hormones -- Use of Growth Promoters to Reduce the Effects of Detrimental Genetic Selection -- Future Genetic Issues -- Animals Suitable for the Environment -- Loss of Disease Resistance -- The Bright Side of Genetic Technologies -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Technologies for Increasing the Productivity of Poultry: Welfare Implications -- Introduction -- The Common Background of Broiler and Layer Chickens -- The Conflicting Breeding Goals for Meat and Egg Production -- Genetic Improvements and Side Effects in Broiler Chickens -- The Welfare of Broiler Breeders -- Genetic Improvements and Side Effects in Laying Hens -- Development and Improvement of Management Methods -- Welfare Concerns in Production of Foie gras -- Animal Welfare, Animal Ethics, Conflicts and the Possible Future Improvements -- References -- 7 Selective Breeding, Cloning and Gene Editing of Dogs and Cats for Appearance and Performance Traits -- Introduction -- Domestication of the Dog and Cat -- Impact of domestication -- Artificial Selection of the Dog and Cat -- Companion Animal Breeds -- Breed Standards -- Separating Form and Function and the Reversal of Natural Selection -- Extreme Morphologies -- Case Study: Extreme Brachycephaly -- Limiting the Extremes.

The Future of Companion Animal Breeding? Cloning and Gene Editing -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Methods to Increase Fish Production: Welfare and Sustainability Implications -- A Brief Introduction to Aquaculture -- What aquaculture is and why it is important -- What intensive aquaculture means -- Special features of finfish aquaculture in the context of intensification -- How Intensive Aquaculture has Been Achieved -- Measures and actions for aquaculture intensification -- A brief comment on markets and supply chains -- Aquaculture Intensification, Sustainability and Fish Welfare -- Sustainable aquaculture -- Aquaculture intensification and welfare -- Analysis of the Implications of Aquaculture Intensification for Fish Welfare -- Increased control over the physical environment -- How this is achieved -- Implications for fish welfare and mitigation measures -- Increased stocking density -- How this is achieved -- Implications for fish welfare -- Mitigation of negative effects on welfare -- Faster growth -- How this is achieved -- Growth rates and welfare in general -- Feed management -- Increased use of manufactured feed -- Selective breeding for fast growth -- Increasing growth by manipulatin g reproductive biology -- Transgenic fish -- Health management -- Disease in aquaculture -- Antimicrobial drugs -- Vaccines -- Selective breeding for disease resistance -- The special case of salmon lice -- Control of reproduction -- Stimulating and inhibiting maturation -- Optimal environmental conditions for maturation -- Hormonal control of breeding -- Selective breeding for late maturation -- Triploids -- Conclusions and Future Trends -- Aquaculture intensification and fish welfare -- What the future of aquaculture might involve -- References -- 9 Welfare Concerns in Genetically Modified Laboratory Mice and Rats -- The Development of GM Rodents.

Gene modification -- Knockouts -- Knock-ins -- Gene editing -- Gene modification, phenotypes and harm -- Societal, Ethical and Welfare Concerns -- General Ethical Concerns -- Genetic modification -- Animal impact and animal welfare -- Animal numbers -- Methods of genetic modification -- Benefits and disbenefits of genetic modification of rodents -- Translational research -- Application of Ethical Frameworks -- A note on the popularization of some GM and mutant animals -- Moving On -- Notes -- References -- 10 Cloning, Editing and GMOs for Animal Enhancement -- Introduction -- Selective Breeding for Animal Enhancement -- Using selective breeding to solve welfare issues: the breeding of polled cattle -- Genetic Engineering and Gene Editing for Animal Enhancement -- Trends in the creation and use of genetically engineered animals -- Enhancing research animals with genetic engineering and gene editing -- Xenotransplantation: using GE pigs for human therapeutic benefit -- Genetically engineered farm animals -- Righting some farm animal welfare wrongs? -- Animal Cloning -- Cloning of farm animals -- De-extinction and conservation of wild species -- The new market for cloned companion animals -- Public Attitudes towards Genetic Manipulation of Animals -- Summary -- References -- 11 From Bionic Cat to Superdog: Ethical Challenges of Advanced Prosthetic Technology in Veterinary Medicine -- Exploring the Issues -- Extending the Boundaries of Animal Enhancement -- Recommendations -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 Animal Welfare and the Brave New World of Modifying Animals -- Introduction -- Domestication and Conventional Breeding of Animals -- Biotechnology Definitions and Methods -- Effects of Biotechnology Procedures on Animal Welfare -- Effects of Cloning Procedures on Animal Welfare -- Effects of Genetic Modification Procedures on Animal Welfare.

Genetic Modification, Cloning, Public Attitudes and Laws -- Use of GM Products and Animal Welfare -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 A Duty to the Enhanced, not a Duty to Enhance: Welfare Responsibilities Associated with Domestication -- Introduction -- Defining Enhancement -- The Ethics of Human-Animal Interactions -- The Acceptability of Animal Enhancement -- The Duty to the Enhanced -- Achievement of the Duty to the Enhanced -- Conclusions -- References -- 14 Pressing Animals beyond Their Biological Limits -- The Importance of Husbandry -- Judeo-Christian Teachings on Animal Treatment -- Islamic Teachings on Animal Treatment -- Taoist Confucianism and Buddhist Teachings -- Sustainability Issues -- Agricultural Industrial Revolution -- Threshold of Biotechnology Revolution -- Principle of Conservation of Welfare -- References -- 15 Concluding: Pushing Animals to Their Limits -- Introduction -- Defining the Modification -- Understanding the Limits -- All Animals Are not Equal -- Setting the Boundary -- Moral Framework -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Stimulating and thought-provoking, this important new book looks at the welfare problems and philosophical and ethical issues that are caused by changes made to animals, both positive and negative, to make them more productive or adapted for human uses.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2018. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.