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Geting Acquainted with Economics What is Economics? Ideas for Beyond the Final Exam Inside the Economist's Tool Kit Using Graphs: A Review Graphs Used in Economic Analysis Two-Variable Diagrams The Definition and Measurement of Slope Rays Through the Origin and 45[degree] Lines Squeezing Three Dimensions Into Two: Contour Maps Scarcity and Choice: The Economic Problem Issue: What to Do with the Budget Surplus? Scarcity, Choice, and Opportunity Cost Scarcity and Choice for a Single Firm Scarcity and Choice for the Entire Society Issue Revisited: Allocating the Budget Surplus The Concept of Efficiency The Three Coordination Tasks of Any Economy Specialization Fosters Efficient Resource Allocation Specialization Leads to Exchange Markets, Prices, and the Three Coordination Tasks Last Word: Don't Confuse Ends with Means Supply and Demand: An Initial Look Puzzle: What in the World Happened to Those Asian Currencies? The Invisible Hand Demand and Quantity Demanded Supply and Quantity Supplied Supply and Demand Equilibrium Effects of Demand Shifts on Supply-Demand Equilibrium Puzzle Revisited: The Fall of the Rupiah Supply Shifts and Supply-Demand Equilibrium Fighting the Invisible Hand: The Market Fights Back A Simple but Powerful Lesson The Building Blocks of Demand and Supply Consumer Choice: Individual and Market Demand Paradox: Should Water Be Worth More Than Diamonds? Scarcity and Demand Utility: A Tool to Analyze Purchase Decisions Consumer Choice as a Trade-Off: Opportunity Cost Resolving the Diamond-Water Paradox From Individual Demand Curves to Market Demand Curves Analyzing Consumer Choice Graphically: Indifference Curve Analysis Geometry of Available Choices: The Budget Line What the Consumer Prefers: Properties of the Indifference Curve The Slopes of Indifference Curves and Budget Lines Demand and Elasticity Issue: Will Taxing Cigarettes Make Teenagers Stop Smoking? Elasticity: The Measure of Responsiveness Price Elasticity of Demand: Its Effect on Total Revenue and Total Expenditure Issue Revisited: Will a Cigarette Tax Decrease Teenage Smoking Significantly? What Determines Demand Elasticity? Elasticity as a General Concept Changes in Demand: Movements Along the Demand Curve Versus Shifts in the Demand Curve The Time Period of the Demand Curve and Economic Decision Making Real-World Application: Polaroid Versus Kodak How Can We Find a Legitimate Demand Curve from the Statistics? An Illustration: Did the Advertising Program Work? How Can We Find a Legitimate Demand Curve from the Statistics? Production, Inputs, and Cost: Building Blocks for Supply Analysis Puzzle: Right and Wrong Ways to Determine When Larger Firms Are More Efficient Short-Run Versus Long-Run Costs: What Makes an Input Variable? Production, Input Choice, and Cost with One Variable Input Multiple Input Decisions: The Choice of Optimal Input Combinations Cost and Its Dependence on Output Economies of Scale Resolving the Economies of Scale Puzzle Production Indifference Curves Characteristics of the Production Indifference Curves, or Isoquants The Choice of Input Combinations Cost Minimization, Expansion Path, and Cost Curves Effects of Changes in Input Prices Output, Price, and Profit: The Importance of Marginal Analysis Two Puzzles Price and Quantity: One Decision, Not Two Total Profit: Keep Your Eye on the Goal Marginal Analysis and Maximization of Total Profit Generalization: The Logic of Marginal Analysis and Maximization Puzzles Resolved: Marginal Analysis in Real Decision Problems Conclusion: The Fundamental Role of Marginal Analysis The Theory and Reality: A Word of Caution The Relationships Among Total, Average, and Marginal Data Graphical Representation of Marginal and Average Curves Markets, from Competition to Monopoly: Virtues and Vices The Firm and the Industry Under Perfect Competition Puzzle: Pollution Reduction Incentives That Actually Increase Pollution Perfect Competition Defined The Competitive Firm The Competitive Industry Perfect Competition and Economic Efficiency Puzzle Resolved: Which Is Better to Cut Pollution -- The Carrot or the Stick? The Price System and the Case for Free Markets Puzzle: How High Should the Price to Cross the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Be? Efficient Resource Allocation and Pricing Scarcity and the Need to Coordinate Economic Decisions How Perfect Competition Achieves Efficiency San Francisco Bridge Pricing Revisited Toward Assessment of the Price Mechanism Monopoly Puzzle: Competition in Local Telephone Service Markets? Monopoly Defined The Monopolist's Supply Decision Can Anything Good Be Said About Monopoly? Price Discrimination Under Monopoly The Puzzle Resolved: Competitive Local Telephone Service Between Competition and Monopoly Some Puzzling Observations Monopolistic Competition The Puzzle Resolved: Explaining the Abundance of Retailers Oligopoly The Puzzle Resolved: Why Oligopolists Advertise but Perfectly Competitive Firms Generally Do Not The Puzzle Resolved: The Kinked Demand Curve Model Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly, and Public Welfare A Glance Backward: Comparing the Four Market Forms The Market Mechanism: Shortcomings and Remedies Puzzle: Why Are Health-Care Costs in Canada Rising? What Does the Market do Poorly? Efficient Resource Allocation: A Review Externalities: Getting the Prices Wrong Provision of Public Goods Allocation of Resources Between Present and Future Market Failure and Government Failure The Cost Disease of the Service Sector The Puzzle Resolved: Explaining the Rising Costs of Canadian Health Care Some Other Sources of Market Failure The Market System On Balance Epilogue: The Unforgiving Market, Its Gift of Abundance, and Its Dangerous Friends Microeconomics of "The New Economy": Innovation and Growth The Big Puzzle: What Accounts for the Free Market's Incredible Growth Record? What's New About the New Economy? Solving the Big Puzzle: Why Do All Rival Economic Systems Trail So Far Behind Free-Market Growth Rates? The Firm and Innovation Three Growth-Creating Properties of Innovation Do Free Markets Spend Enough on R&D Activities? Conclusion: The New Economy and the Innovation Assembly Line Real Firms and Their Financing: Stocks and Bonds What in the World Happened to the Stock Market? The Stock Market's Unpredictability Corporations and Their Financing Financing Corporate Activity: Stocks and Bonds Buying Stocks and Bonds Stock Exchanges and Their Functions Speculation Puzzle #2 Resolved: Unpredictable Stock Prices as "Random Walks" Puzzle #1: Redux: The Boom and Bust of the U.S. Stock Market The Distribution of Income Pricing the Factors of Production The Principle of Marginal Productivity Inputs and Their Derived Demand Curves Investment, Capital, and Interest The Determination of Rent Payments to Entrepreneurship: Are Profits Too High or Too Low? Criticisms of Marginal Productivity Theory Discounting and Present Value Labor: The Human Input Issue: Do Cheap Foreign Labor and Technological Progress Contribute to Lagging Wages? Wage Determination in Competitive Labor Markets The Supply of Labor Why Do Wages Differ? Unions and Collective Bargaining Issue Revisited: Foreign Competition, Technology, and American Jobs: Are Union Fears Justified? Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination Issue: Ending Welfare as We Knew It The Facts: Poverty The Facts: Inequality Some Reasons for Unequal Incomes The Facts: Discrimination The Economic Theory of Discrimination The Optimal Amount of Inequality The Trade-Off Between Equality and Efficiency Policies to Combat Poverty Other Policies to Combat Inequality Policies to Combat Discrimination The Government and the Economy Limiting Market Power: Regulation and Antitrust The Public Interest Issue: Monopoly Power Versus Mere Size Regulation What is Regulation and Who Regulates What? Puzzle: Why Do Regulators Often Raise Prices? Some Objectives of Regulation Two Key Issues That Face Regulators The Pros and Cons of "Bigness" Deregulation The Puzzle Revisited: The Reason Why Regulators Often Push Prices Upward
Preface -- Introduction -- Diplomatic Relations -- Soviet View of Relations. Newspaper Article. 20 November 1933 -- Troianovskii Presents Credentials. Statements by Troianovskii and Roosevelt. 8 January 1934 -- Bullitt on Benefits of Relations. Speech. 19 January 1934 -- Economic Relations -- Agreement on Debts and Loan. Memorandum. 15 November 1933 -- Requested Appropriation for Embassy. Letter from FDR to Senate. 1 March 1934 -- Hull and Troianovskii on Economic Differences. Memorandum. 26 March 1934 -- Soviet Plan for Loan from US. Litvinov to Troianovskii. 3 April 1934 -- Soviet View of Debt Issue. Litvinov to Troianovskii. 3 April 1934 -- Johnson Bill and Credits. Troianovskii to Litvinov. 5 April 1934 -- Litvinov Offers Debt Settlement. Hull to Bullitt. 7 April 1934 -- Ban on Loans to Defaulting Nations. Johnson Act. 13 April 1934 -- Legal Opinion on Soviet Debts. Memorandum. 21 April 1934 -- Troianovskii Discusses Debts with FDR. Memorandum. 30 April 1934 -- Johnson Act Blocks Credits to USSR. Hull to Bullitt. 7 May 1934 -- Soviet Proposal on Consulate. Memorandum. 24 May 1934 -- Litvinov on Debt Problem. Bullitt to Hull. 9 July 1934 -- US Clarifies Debt Position. Note to Troianovskii. 25 July 1934 -- Troianovskii's Compromise Plan. Memorandum. 24 August 1934 -- Stalin's Views on Debts. Bullitt to Hull. 15 September 1934 -- US and USSR Prepare to Break of Negotiations. Troianovskii to Litvinov. 31 January 1935 -- Hull Declares Debt Talks over. Hull to Wiley. 31 January 1935 -- Litvinov Responds on Debts. Wiley to Hull. 3 February 1935 -- Debt Impasse Encourages Japan. Newspaper Article. 2 March 1935 -- Kelley on Trade Relations. Memorandum. 6 April 1935 -- Soviet Trade Proposals. Wiley to Hull. 10 April 1935 -- Hull Sets Trade Terms. Hull to Wiley. 20 April 1935 -- Litvinov Responds on Trade. Bullitt to Hull. 16 May 1935 -- Soviet Trade Agreement Draft. Bullitt to Hull. 3 June 1935 -- Hull Suggests Corrections in Trade Draft. Hull to Bullitt. 11 July 1935 -- Commercial Agreement. Exchange of Notes. 13 July 1935 -- USSR Rejects Debt Payments. Krestinskii to Troianovskii. 13 October 1935 -- Agreement on Letters Rogatory. Exchange of Notes. 22 November 1935 -- Statistics on Soviet-American Trade. Hull to Henderson. 10 July 1936 -- Renewal of Commercial Treaty. Exchange of Notes. 11 July 1936 -- USSR Assigns Nationalized Property to US. Exchange of Notes. 7 January 1937 -- Soviet Protest of Coal Tariff. Troianovskii to Moore. 3 February 1937 -- Exchange of Views on Debts. Davies Talks with Soviet Officials. 18 February 1937 -- Comintern Analysis of American Economy. Newspaper Article. July 1937 -- US Proposals on Commercial Agreement. Hull to Davies. 1 July 1937 -- Soviet Proposals on Commercial Agreement. Davies to Hull. 6 July 1937 -- US Responds to Soviet Proposals. Hull to Davies. 8 July 1937 -- Commercial Agreement. Exchange of Notes. 4 August 1937 -- Davies Reports on Talk with Stalin. Memorandum. 5 June 1938 -- Conversation with Stalin on Debts and Loans. Message from Henderson. 6 June 1938 -- Stalin's Proposal on Debts. Memorandum from Davies. 8 June 1938 -- Conversation on Debts. Memorandum. 10 June 1938 -- Commercial Agreement. Exchange of Notes. 5 August 1938 -- Commercial Agreement. Exchange of Notes. 2 August 1939 -- Commercial Agreement. Exchange of Notes. 6 August 1940 -- Propaganda -- US Sees Soviet Propaganda Violations. Hull to Bullitt. 14 August 1934 -- Offensive Against Communist Party. Newspaper Article. 26 January 1935 -- Opposition to Congressional Report. Newspaper Article. 9 March 1935 -- Comintern to Meet. Bullitt to Hull. 2 July 1935 -- Bullitt Expresses Concern About Comintern. Bullitt to Hull. 8 July 1935 -- Browder's Views on American Communism. Speech. 27 July 1935 -- Darcy's Speech to Comintern. Bullitt to Hull. 30 July 1935 -- Comintern Congress Address. Speech By Dimitrov. 2 August 1935 -- Green's Speech to Comintern Congress. Bullitt to Hull. 4 August 1935 -- Comintern Attacks Hearst Papers. Newspaper Article. 10 August 1935 -- Browder Addresses Comintern Congress. Speech. 11 August 1935 -- Comintern Congress. Telegram from Bullitt to Hull. 21 August 1935 -- Comintern Congress. Telegram from Bullitt to Hull. 21 August 1935 -- Comintern Congress. Telegram from Bullitt to Hull. 21 August 1935 -- US Protests Comintern Congress. Press Release. 25 August 1935 -- Troianovskii on Comintern Controversy. Hull to Bullitt. 26 August 1935 -- Soviet Response to US Protest. Krestinskii to Bullitt. 27 August 1935 -- Pravda Summarizes Soviet View. Newspaper Article. 28 August 1935 -- Bullitt Suggests Strong Action. Telegram to Hull. 29 August 1935 -- Hull Replies to Soviet Government. Press Release. 31 August 1935 -- Comintern Rejects US Protest. Newspaper Article. 14 September 1935 -- Browder on United Front Policy. Interview. 19 September 1935 -- Comintern View of US Protest. Newspaper Article. 21 September 1935 -- Litvinov Expresses Views. Conversation with Bullitt. 9 November 1935 -- International Affairs -- Congress Against War Meets in New York. Newspaper Article. 3 November 1933 -- Comintern View on Recognition. Article. 1 December 1933 -- Comintern on US Imperialism. Newspaper Article. 15 December 1933 -- Seventeenth Party Congress. Stalin's Report. 26 January 1934 -- Bullitt and Litvinov on Non-Aggression Pact. Telegram from Bullitt to Hull. 21 March 1934 -- Litvinov's Concerns About US. Bullitt to Hull. 9 July 1934 -- Protest Against Admiral Stirling. Litvinov to Troianovskii. 17 July 1935 -- US Admiral Criticizes Bolshevism. Newspaper Article. 20 July 1935 -- US Position on Neutrality. Statement of the President. 31 August 1935 -- Italian Invasion of Ethiopia. Article. 20 December 1935 -- Japanese Aggression in China. Article. February 1936 -- Soviet Expectations Summarized. Bullitt to Hull. 17 February 1936 -- US Position on Neutrality. Statement of the President. 29 February 1936 -- Stalin's Views on International Affairs. Interview. 1 March 1936 -- USSR Wants to Buy American Arms. Soviet Embassy to the Department of State. 24 November 1936 -- Conversation Between Davies and Molotov. Davies to Hull. 19 February 1937 -- USSR Accepts American Invitation. Litivinov to Davies. 31 March 1937 -- Mutual Congratulations on Soviet Flights. Potemkin to Troianovskii. 22 June 1937 -- International Policy of US. Statement By Hull. 16 July 1937 -- Admiral Yarnell Welcome in Vladivostok. Soviet Government to American Embassy. 22 July 1937 -- International Policy of USSR. Statement By Litvinov. 23 July 1937 -- Soviet-American Goodwill. Newspaper Article. 29 July 1937 -- Welcome to US Ships. Newspaper Article. 29 July 1937 -- Pravda on International Situation. Newspaper Article. 8 August 1937 -- Roosevelt on Quarantine for Aggressors. Speech. 5 October 1937 -- Kennan on the Embassy in Moscow. Memorandum. 24 November 1937 -- Protest Against New Soviet Procedures. Henderson to Hull. 30 November 1937 -- Hull Complains to Troianovskii on Treatment of Americans. Memorandum. 11 December 1937 -- Davies Describes Show Trial. Davies to Hull. 2 March 1938 -- Davies Talks with Litvinov. Memorandum. 14 March 1938 -- Soviet Note on Austria. Statement By Litvinov. 17 March 1938 -- Litvinov's Views on International Situation. Davies to Hull. 24 March 1938 -- Regulation of Eskimos. Exchange of Notes. 26 March and 18 April 1938 -- Soviet View of US. Report By Davies. 1 April 1938 -- Davies on Soviet Strength. Davies to Hull. 6 June 1938 -- Troianovskii Visits Hull. Memorandum of Conversation. 7 June 1938 -- USSR Asks Permission for Visit of Research Ships. Troianovskii to Hull. 8 June and 30 June 1938 -- Litvinov Comments on State Department. Conversation with Henderson. 2 July 1938 -- USSR Calls for International Conference. Kirk to Hull. 28 September 1938 -- Impact of Munich on World Situation. Newspaper Article. 29 October 1938 -- Soviet View of Relations with US. Newspaper Article. 16 November 1938 -- Soviet View of US Election. Newspaper Article. 16 November 1938 -- Steinhardt Talks with Kalinin. Telegram to Hull. 11 August 1939 -- Neutrality -- Hull Requests Change in Neutrality Act. Message to Senate. 14 July 1939 -- Hatch Act. Act of Congress. 2 August 1939 -- American Communists for Neutrality. Article. 19 September 1939 -- Registration of Foreign Agents. Umanskii to Soviet Government. 4 October 1939 -- Roosevelt Appeals on Finland. Message for Kalinin. 11 October 1939 -- US Expresses Concern about Finland. Conversation Between Steinhardt and Molotov. 12 October 1939 -- Kalinin Responds to FDR. Message for Roosevelt. 16 October 1939 -- US Seeks Contact with Citizens in Poland. Steinhardt to Hull. 5 November 1939 -- US Offers to Mediate Soviet-Finnish Dispute. Hull to Thurston. 29 November 1939 -- US Condemns Bombing. Official Protest. 30 November 1939 -- FDR Condemns Bombing. Press Conference. 1 December 1939 -- US Concern for Citizens in Poland. Steinhardt to Hull. 28 December 1939 -- US Citizens in Poland to Move to Rumania. Steinhardt to Hull. 31 December 1939 -- Comintern View of US Imperialism. Article. January 1940 -- Soviet Ambassador Complains to Hull. Memorandum of Conversation. 1 February 1940 -- Soviet Protest Regarding US Actions. Steinhardt to Hull. 28 March 1940 -- Hull Rejects Soviet Protest. Memorandum of Conversation. 2 April 1940 -- US Restricts Sale of Strategic Materials. Aide-Memoire. 9 April 1940 -- USSR Nationalizes Property in Poland. Thurston to Hull. 8 May 1940 -- Instructions to Embassy On Places in Poland. Hull to Thurston. 11 May 1940 -- US Rejects Nationalization. Hull to Thurston. 16 May 1940 -- Hull and Umanskii Exchange Views. Memorandum of Conversation. 12 June 1940 -- Soviet Protest Against US Trade Policies. Umanskii to Hull. 12 June 1940 -- Smith Act. Act of Congress. 28 June 1940 --
Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, [1993]
0801844762 (acid-free paper)
List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction: Africa's Economic Crisis -- A Crisis of Debt and Stagnation -- Adjustment and Its Impact -- The Organization of This Study -- The Third World External Debt Crisis The U.S. Bankers' Perspective The LDC Perspective and DC Interdependence Major LDC Debtors Indicators of Debt The Burden of the Debt The 1930s as a Historical Comparison The Great Descent: Stagnation and External Deficits IMF Rules of Adjustment Social Costs of Adjustment The Transfer Problem Stages in the Balance of Payments A Rising Balance on Goods and Services Deficit A Rising External Debt, 1970-1990 Net Resource Transfers African States Poverty and Immiserization Hunger and Food Production Ruling Elites and External Disequilibria Class Conflict under Socialism The Ruling Class The Public Sector Ruling-Class Misdirection Tax Policies Indigenization Agricultural Policies "Nigerian Disease" Cameroon and Nigeria Compared "Reverse Nigerian Disease" External Trade, Aid, Investment, and Debt Trade Dependence Oil Shocks and Their Aftermath The Credit Cycle The Relationship between Export Growth and Interest Rates Primary-Product Export Glut Foreign Capital Dependence Unstable Foreign-Exchange Rates in the Industrialized Economies Overvalued Domestic Currencies Foreign Aid Ineffectiveness Falling Aid -- Loan Ratios Capital Flight World Bank and IMF Adjustment and Stabilization The World Bank Adjustment Loans The IMF Internal and External Balances Reforms Case Studies of World Bank and IMF Adjustment Programs Tanzania Ghana and Zambia Nigeria Senegal Attaining Objectives Income Distribution The Planning Horizon The Comprehensiveness of Liberalization Trade Liberalization Privatization Fine-tuning of Monetary Policy A Critique of World Bank and IMF Adjustment Programs Premises of Adjustment and Stabilization Programs The Politics of Lending and Adjustment Trade, Exchange Rate, and Capital Market Policies Inflationary Financing Reductions in Social Spending Investment Rate Reductions The Agricultural Sector State Centralization The Structuralist Critique The UNICEF Critique Criticisms by the ECA/OAU Empirical Evidence Designing Pro-Poor Programs The Brady Plan, Toronto and Trinidad Terms, and Debt Exchanges The Baker Plan Toronto Terms The Brady Plan Trinidad Terms The Pronk Proposal Egypt-Poland Terms Canceling Debt Rescheduling Debt Commercial Bank Lending Debt-Equity Swaps Debt Buybacks Other Debt Exchanges Concerted Action Direct Foreign Investment DC Trade Resolving the Debt Crisis Lifeboat Ethics Global Competition for Funds Debt Conversion Debt Cancellation Debt Rescheduling Debt-for-Nature Swaps Debt-Equity Swaps Coordinating Debt Reduction Emphasis on IDA -- Eligible Countries Multilateral Debt Reduction Breaking Up the Policy Cartel Outward-oriented Policies DC Policies Debt, Development, and Democracy Notes Glossary Bibliography Index
English foreign trade from 1446 to 1482 / The Wool trade in the fifteenth century / The economic and political relations of England and the Hanse from 1400 to 1475 / The Iceland trade / The overseas trade of Bristol / The Grocers of London : a study of distributive trade / The financial transactions between the Lancastrian government and the Merchants of the staple from 1449 to 1461 /
Selected Environmental Trends -- Interactions Between Trade and the Environment -- Environmental Consequences of Trade Liberalization -- Models of Trade and Environment -- Partial Equilibrium Models of Trade and Environment -- Production Externality in a Small Country without Environmental Policy -- Consumption Externality in a Small Country without Environmental Policy -- Production Externality in a Large Country without Environmental Policy -- Consumption Externality in a Large Country without Environmental Policy -- Production Externality in the Presence of Environmental Policy for a Small Country -- Production Externality in the Presence of Environmental Policy for a Large Country -- Strategic Behavior and Environmental Quality -- Model -- Welfare Analysis for Non-symmetric Cases -- Non-strategic versus Only Foreign Government is Acting Strategically, (NS versus GS) -- Non-strategic versus Only Foreign Producer is Acting Strategically (NS versus PS) -- Non-strategic versus Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (NS versus Both) -- Only Domestic Government and Foreign Producer are Acting Strategically (GS versus PS) -- Domestic Government and Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (GS versus Both) -- Domestic Producer, and Both Foreign Government and Producer are Acting Strategically (PS versus Both) -- Nash Equilibrium -- Simultaneous Move Game -- Sequential Move Game -- Emissions -- General Equilibrium Models of Trade and Environment -- Overview of the Literature.
[Ogden, Utah] : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, [2002]
Perspectives on wilderness in the Arctic / Origin of political conflict in Arctic wilderness areas / Protected areas of the central Siberian Arctic : history, status, and prospects / Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy : how community values are shaping the protection of wild spaces and heritage places / Collaboration across cultural boundaries to protect wild places : the British Columbia experience / Planning in the human ecotone : managing wild places on the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge / Nature and tourism in Greenland / Iceland's central highlands : nature conservation, ecotourism, and energy resource utilization / Can traditional ecological knowledge and wilderness benefit one another? / Increasing value of wilderness : protecting cultural heritage / Biodiversity in Finnish wilderness areas : historical and cultural constraints to preserve species and habitats / Anthropogenic impacts on habitat structure and species richness in the west Siberian Arctic / Evaluating nature and wilderness in Iceland / Alaska exceptionality hypothesis : is Alaska wilderness really different? / Wilderness and well-being : complexity, time, and psychological growth / Social construction of Arctic wilderness : place meanings, value pluralism, and globalization / Growing pressures on circumpolar north Wilderness : a case for coordinated research and education /
