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1. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy : The Singapore Malay Eye Study 2008

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1ba9swFBZbB2UvYze67NLpoW_DbSK7jlRKYesSxujlYS4tfTGSJeGOzglrSsm_3zm6OM660o09xATFyET6fHR09J3zEbLBreYDqfuJsFolWZ6rRCoDWxWJaoU5k5llvwVzbmIuzB9Z7Fv_PbXQBpOLqbL_ML1tp9AA32GS4QrTDNe_mmgswiRd6pBPNkSu-Dio6CCH0HNeHF9-dtFMUIJ4HrkW31AQGzxwFCC6lPMPo7lnFi6d9R5P61ktL3_4ak0u5BBUtjzvvmk2O_GEyPEtUD-g9ZP3axOsylFcK324wHH8wMYUnebTEMP-emHg0ywFJnjI0OvEKvNBAtsbf-xign3NRALrYbpkgH1CZ0TaoGNPUTCrszYPuJdZuWX3fQji--bEjUigyGJB1myxzsWz_aPjcnxycFAWo7PiIXnEhoKjgRx__tQu4eCGhaLw_h_EnEtHDLz9DCTUyit4p6wXQ7l7t-K8luIpeRK2G_Sjh80z8sA0z8nqYSBUvCDnC_RQQA9F9NCAHgrooRE9tIOeHQrYobv1Xgsf6uCzu1XvUYAQdRB6SU7Go2L_SxLkNpIp-HyzxGppU20qvl3BG5z2hWWCKaXBpldZlhks66NsXqm-VmJbMiUUOKNKVIprCV5h-opQIawcws8p01UmrFW6GlpV6VxalcP9PbK-NFLl1NdUKVkfY9Ep75H3cehKMHR4eiUbM7m-KlGvWIA_efcdYF045pH3yJof87Z3cEo57MzZ63t7f0MeL7D8lqzMfl6bd2QFLdG6w8gvyzCE6Q

   WONG, Tien Y; CHEUNG, Ning; WAN TING TAY; JIE JIN WANG; AUNG, Tin...

   Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), Vol. 115, Issue 11, pp. 1869 - 1875.

   To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in Asian Malays. Population-based cross-sectional study. Persons with diabetes of Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years in Singapor... Read more

   To describe the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in Asian Malays. Population-based cross-sectional study. Persons with diabetes of Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years in Singapore. Diabetes mellitus was defined as random glucose of 11.1 mmol/l or more, use of diabetic medication, or a physician diagnosis of diabetes. Retinal photographs taken from both eyes were graded for diabetic retinopathy using the modified Airlie House classification system. Any diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy grades, macular edema, or vision-threatening retinopathy. Of the 3261 persons who participated in this study, 757 (23.1%) had diabetes and gradable retinal photographs. In persons with diabetes, the overall prevalence of any retinopathy was 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.2-43.4), the overall prevalence of macular edema was 5.7% (95% CI, 3.2-9.9), and the overall prevalence of vision-threatening retinopathy was 9.0% (95% CI, 5.8-13.8). Compared with men, women had significantly higher proportions with more severe diabetic retinopathy, moderate (12% vs. 4%) and severe (3% vs. 0.2%) nonproliferative retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy (7% vs. 2%), and vision-threatening retinopathy (13% vs. 3%). In multiple logistic regression, independent risk factors for any retinopathy were longer diabetes duration (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.09, per year increase), higher hemoglobin A1(c) (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.33, per % increase), hypertension (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.04-3.30), and higher pulse pressure (OR, 1.34, 95% CI, 1.19-1.51, per 10-mmHg increase); older age (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93, per decade increase) and higher total cholesterol levels (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89, per 1-mmol/l increase) were protective of any retinopathy. Vision-threatening retinopathy additionally was associated with previous stroke (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 1.24-11.26), cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.08-4.62), and chronic kidney disease (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 2.18-9.07). Female gender was not an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy after adjusting for metabolic and socioeconomic risk factors. One in 10 Malay adults with diabetes in Singapore has vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Risk factors for retinopathy in this population are largely similar to white populations elsewhere, suggesting that control of these risk factors may reduce both the prevalence and impact of retinopathy. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

2. Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Malay Population : The Singapore Malay Eye Study 2008

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELfGkBAvaHwIysbwA29VunzNidE0aUCrSWxMgkziLTrH9rppSzvaCfW_5_yRpN2GAPHQqHLjSPH9er47_-6OkHe5lnkEMgy4liJIGRMBCIWuCphuhSyGVMe3gjnzJhfmXhb7zn-LFsdQuCZV9h_E2z4UB_A7ChmvKGa8_pWgTREmsKlD9kz_TAU2PwUNyStwJFOpzmxx6YbXCP1juIRFf9o272rYHd9Mg2y0yJW_Y7hwTMOVs9-T6Xg-hssrV73JhiB81y3Hw6_rwVJ84TP8hBm45thfF5MugO-pwOcKPy1CD7zuKbqhwoVoXRC7X_hsiiZQkbeUN9xnvHJNeYCbYbKifV02ZwOzcEmZRpmrZOI3ZvSdonuVvos_XAwm9vU9PzYehJ6fvVJj-8tJOTo9OiqL4ffiAXkYZzw32nH06UO7f6MNljZJlpYJePe5hkELM_wTadf95DfuSezNlGKDPPH-BT1wOHlK1lT9jDw69gyK5-S6gwudaLoEF-rhQpfhQs9rCnRvvG_xsLcz3qcdat5TxIz5sYUN7W5D6FALnRfkdDQsPh4Gvu1GMI1ZPA90AmGmGFrqYhft73S3klWaVAJt-5DnwNBCrwQaekomYSiYBrT5q0RWOYskGrQqeUUo5xoyKdA5wLlcayGrTItKMtCCcRH1yPbKApZTV1uljHELYjnnPfK2WdESFZ45xYJaTW5mJeOMm9P8HnnpFrqda1oXcZbx13-cu0kedwjdIuvzHzfqDVk3-mbbguEXs0t-yA

   KAWASAKI, Ryo; JIE JIN WANG; AUNG, Tin; TAN, Donald T. H; MITCHELL, Paul...

   Ophthalmology (Rochester, Minn.), Vol. 115, Issue 10, pp. 1735 - 1741.

   To describe the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an Asian Malay population. Population-based cross-sectional study. An age-stratified random sample of Malay persons aged 40 t... Read more

   To describe the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in an Asian Malay population. Population-based cross-sectional study. An age-stratified random sample of Malay persons aged 40 to 80 years living in Singapore. Participants were invited to a central clinic for a comprehensive examination. Early and late AMD signs were graded from retinal photographs following the Wisconsin grading system. Of 3280 participants who participated (78.7% response rate), 3265 had photographs of sufficient quality for grading of AMD signs. Early and late AMD were present in 160 (4.9%) and 23 (0.70%) participants, respectively. After age standardization, the prevalence of early AMD in Malay persons aged 40 to 80 years was estimated to be 3.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.9%-4.1%) and that of late AMD was 0.34% (95% CI, 0.20%-0.49%). Early AMD was more prevalent in men than in women (6.1% vs. 3.8%); this was significant despite adjusting for age and smoking (odds ratio [OR], 1.56; 95% CI, 1.11-2.20). Late AMD also was more prevalent in men than in women (1.0% vs. 0.4%), although this was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and smoking (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.52-3.68). The prevalence of early and late AMD was similar to that reported in the Blue Mountains Eye Study among white persons. The prevalence of AMD in Asian Malay people is similar to that in white persons from the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Early AMD signs were more frequent in men compared with women, an association that was not fully explained by the higher smoking rates in men. Read less

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3. The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in Malay People: The Singapore Malay Eye Study 2008

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Zj9MwELZgkRAviEtQjsUP8FSF5nRitFoJoV142BWIFl4t5zCtlDYV6aH-KP4jM7GdYwEB4iVqndR2Z76MPYdnCHmRqDzxZO46XOWpEzKWOjItQFWRWK2Q-TJU_hVjznd7FuaXUeyT_2YttAFz8ajsP7C37RQa4DMwGa7AZrj-NaMxEZNsjg81zgBULpsQjXel3MKYEq0al7KUh_HHJmLcxlpMsSA27MALc_fsoCMLB77eXiqOXTGu1vPNXJZLnbsJgbNb1Ft7tLLDydQc-5jCDvkwbjfMNgR4huUF2tbzyhYIwUjFzlV1UWnHEEzTuQAgfx0YKZI2CsvA6tOXDwMjJnNAeGhDQmEEbwRKcayL2ljJrJOZGgTynpgNEm23_Fn-M_RAL6pd_QrT1sY623gPBetlAwPQa3H1jrtV0Hr-ryyObcjifr8PueACh75ObvgxTwJrHDL6vWeygNq_Z89ZsHjSnxHmqTXDDzdDNkE1xufKGl5RpWur_Eb5CcwmaHaH3DbaC32jUXiXXCtW98jNSxOfcZ9IABXtwEgBjLQBI60UtWCkixU9mZ82iDuZzE-pxuRrij-GGy0oafcIAJM2wHxAPp-fzd6-d0wRDycL4nDjZJnvuUUWRKlCDzjo_5JHIRAlDYGGnpfB19jlYcR9ljMZypwXuavwoSjAzeYjQjlXMs5TUDXyLORKpXkWqzSDx1XKeOqNyEtLRrHWSVpEo9yyWCDlhZsIpPyIPLc0FvVSliXQ0hN9zo7I8YD0bXc-qgJu4EMXlhcCBDF61-SqqLa1YJjmiXnQxUPNom4qhtuP_zj8E3Kre3uekqPNt23xjByhHDxusPYDmz-rjA

   Shen, Sunny Y; Wong, Tien Y; Foster, Paul J; Loo, Jing-Liang; Rosman, Mohamad...

   Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol. 49, Issue 9, pp. 3846 - 3851.

   To assess the prevalence and types of glaucoma in an Asian Malay population. The Singapore Malay Eye Study is a population-based, cross-sectional survey that examined 3280 (78.7% response) persons ... Read more

   To assess the prevalence and types of glaucoma in an Asian Malay population. The Singapore Malay Eye Study is a population-based, cross-sectional survey that examined 3280 (78.7% response) persons aged 40 to 80 years. Participants underwent a standardized clinical examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and dilated optic disc assessment. Participants who were suspected to have glaucoma also underwent visual field examination (24-2 SITA standard, Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer II), gonioscopy, and repeat applanation tonometry. Glaucoma was defined according to International Society for Geographical and Epidemiologic Ophthalmology criteria. Of the 3280 participants, 150 (4.6%) had diagnosed glaucoma, giving an age- and sex-standardized prevalence of 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3%-3.5%). The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.4%-2.6%), primary angle-closure glaucoma 0.12% (95% CI, 0.10%-0.14%), and secondary glaucoma 0.61% (95% CI, 0.59%-0.63%). Of the 150 glaucoma cases, only 12 (8%) had a previous known history of glaucoma. Twenty-seven (18%) eyes had low vision (based on best corrected visual acuity logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] >0.30 to <1.00 in the eye with glaucoma for unilateral cases; and based on the better eye for bilateral cases) and 15 (10%) were blind (logMAR, >/=1.00). The prevalence of glaucoma among Malay persons 40 years of age and older in Singapore is 3.4%, comparable to ethnic Chinese people in Singapore and other racial/ethnic groups in Asia. As in Chinese, Caucasians, and African people, primary open-angle glaucoma was the main form of glaucoma in this population. More than 90% of glaucoma cases were previously undetected. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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