Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever-increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative refereed reviews summarizing and synthesizing the results of both historical and recent research. This Volume celebrates 60 years of OMBAR, over which time it has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. The peer-reviewed contributions in Volume 60 are available to read Open Access via this webpage and on OAPEN. If you are interested in submitting a review for consideration for publication in OMBAR, please email the Editor-in-Chief, Stephen Hawkins (S.J.Hawkins@soton.ac.uk) for Volume 61. For Volume 62 onwards, please email the new co-Editors in Chief, Dr Peter Todd (dbspat@nus.edu.sg) and Dr Bayden Russell (brussell@hku.hk). Volume 60 features an editorial on the UN Decade of Ocean Science and goes on to consider such diverse topics as Cenozoic tropical marine biodiversity, blue carbon ecosystems in Sri Lanka, marine litter and microplastics in the Western Indian Ocean, and the ecology and conservation status of the family Syngnathidae in southern and western Africa. This volume also contains a retrospective Prologue on the evolution of OMBAR and pays tribute to one of its early Editors in Chief, Margaret Barnes, by providing an update on her review in OMBAR of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes. Supplementary online videos as well as additional Tables and Appendices are available on the Support Tab of the book's Routledge webpage. An international Editorial Board ensures global relevance and expert peer review, with editors from Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Singapore and the UK. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and oceanographic institutes, but also universities worldwide.

Geografia polityczna, pomimo propagowania u swojego zarania dogmatycznych i abstrakcyjnych teorii, dźwigania brzemienia grzechów będącej jej praktycznym zastosowaniem geopolityki oraz wtłaczania w ideologiczny gorset przez pozbawione demokratycznego mandatu rządy, to dziś pełnoprawna, uznana i nieustannie poszukująca kolejnych wyzwań naukowych członkini rodziny geograficznej. Na to wabiące, choć nieokreślone, grząskie i nie dość bezpieczne pole badawcze wkroczył kilkadziesiąt lat temu z niepohamowaną skłonnością do jego dalszej penetracji – przy zachowaniu pokory wobec dokonań poprzedników i szacunku dla nie zawsze chwalebnej tradycji – Profesor Marek Sobczyński. Liczne strumyki refleksji poznawczej i badawczej przenoszone przez pokolenia geografów politycznych ujął on w indywidualny nurt naukowej eksploracji. Materialnym wyrazem docenienia ogromnego i niezwykle cennego wkładu Profesora w rozwój tej dyscypliny naukowej jest niniejsza jubileuszowa książka. Jej struktura odzwierciedla spektrum zainteresowań badawczych autorów zamieszczonych w niej tekstów. Różnorodność podjętych tematów jest zarazem ilustracją wszechstronności naukowej Jubilata.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Geosynthetics (12 ICG), held in Roma, Italy, 17-21 September 2023. About 750 Authors - Academics, Researchers, Students, Practitioners, Contractors and Manufacturers – contributed to the peer-reviewed papers of this volume, which includes the Giroud lecture, the Bathurst lecture, the Rowe lecture, four keynote lectures and 296 technical papers. The content of these proceedings illustrates the sustainable use of geosynthetics in a variety of innovative as well as consolidated applications. After the sustainability implications in the correct use of geosynthetics, the ability to overcome the natural events effects, often related to the climate change, and to adequately afford the human activities (as the increase of pollution) forced to refer to a new keyword: Resiliency. The 12 ICG intends to become the base for the next step, hence the conference theme is'Geosynthetics, Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet'. The conference topics, through general and parallel sessions, invited presentations and keynote lectures, address the most recent developments in geosynthetic engineering, and stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interaction among academicians, professionals, manufacturers, students. The 12 ICG proceedings contain a wealth of information that could be useful for researchers, practitioners and all those working in the broad, innovative and dynamic field of geosynthetics.

Las páginas que este volumen contiene no son más que los resultados de la desesperación del ser humano en tiempos de crisis, Realmente, lo que contienen las páginas son resultados de investigación científica, puesto que los capítulos que se leerán a continuación contienen todos y cada uno de ellos una concienzuda selección de corpus de trabajo y planificación de análisis realizados sobre objetos de estudio mediáticos en los que se contiene esa desesperación social,Es sabido que los tiempos de crisis cumplen siempre, desgraciadamente, con unos patrones de comportamiento reiterados, comportamientos sociales, políticos, culturales, económicos y, por supuesto, como parte de esa sociedad, esa política y esa cultura, también mediáticos, Esos patrones de repetición demuestran que los hombres y mujeres que constituyen una sociedad rota, perdida, se acercan peligrosamente a universos desconocidos en la búsqueda de respuestas a sus interrogantes o incluso de causas de los males propios, En otras ocasiones, la maldad -sí, la maldad- aprovecha el mar revuelto para su propia ganancia con la proliferación de mentiras y de coacciones, reales o inventadas, que puedan contribuir al control social,

The Encyclopedia of Local History addresses nearly every aspect of local history, including everyday issues, theoretical approaches, and trends in the field. This encyclopedia provides both the casual browser and the dedicated historian with adept commentary by bringing the voices of over one hundred experts together in one place.Entries include:·Terms specifically related to the everyday practice of interpreting local history in the United States, such as “African American History,” “City Directories,” and “Latter-Day Saints.”·Historical and documentary terms applied to local history such as “Abstract,” “Culinary History,” and “Diaries.”·Detailed entries for major associations and institutions that specifically focus on their usage in local history projects, such as “Library of Congress” and “Society of American Archivists”·Entries for every state and Canadian province covering major informational sources critical to understanding local history in that region.·Entries for every major immigrant group and ethnicity.Brand-new to this edition are critical topics covering both the practice of and major current areas of research in local history such as “Digitization,” “LGBT History,” museum theater,” and “STEM education.” Also new to this edition are graphics, including 48 photographs.Overseen by a blue-ribbon Editorial Advisory Board (Anne W. Ackerson, James D. Folts, Tim Grove, Carol Kammen, and Max A. van Balgooy) this essential reference will be frequently consulted in academic libraries with American and Canadian history programs, public libraries supporting local history, museums, historic sites and houses, and local archives in the U.S. and Canada.This third edition is the first to include photographs.

The sixth mass extinction or Anthropocene extinction is one of the most pervasive issues of our time. Animals, Plants and Afterimages brings together leading scholars in the humanities and life sciences to explore how extinct species are represented in art and visual culture, with a special emphasis on museums. Engaging with celebrated cases of vanished species such as the quagga and the thylacine as well as less well-known examples of animals and plants, these essays explore how representations of recent and ancient extinctions help advance scientific understanding and speak to contemporary ecological and environmental concerns.

In this book, Josephine Lee looks at the intertwined racial representations of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American theater. In minstrelsy, melodrama, vaudeville, and musicals, both white and African American performers enacted blackface characterizations alongside oriental stereotypes of opulence and deception, comic servitude, and exotic sexuality. Lee shows how blackface types were often associated with working-class masculinity and the development of a nativist white racial identity for European immigrants, while the oriental marked what was culturally coded as foreign, feminized, and ornamental. These conflicting racial connotations were often intermingled in actual stage performance, as stage productions contrasted nostalgic characterizations of plantation slavery with the figures of the despotic sultan, the seductive dancing girl, and the comic Chinese laundryman. African American performers also performed common oriental themes and characterizations, repurposing them for their own commentary on Black racial progress and aspiration. The juxtaposition of orientalism and black figuration became standard fare for American theatergoers at a historical moment in which the color line was rigidly policed. These interlocking cross-racial impersonations offer fascinating insights into habits of racial representation both inside and outside the theater.

More than any other locale, the Pacific Ocean has been the meeting place between humans and whales. From Indigenous Pacific peoples who built lives and cosmologies around whales, to Euro-American whalers who descended upon the Pacific during the nineteenth century, and to the new forms of human-cetacean partnerships that have emerged from the late twentieth century, the relationship between these two species has been central to the ocean's history. Across Species and Cultures: Whales, Humans, and Pacific Worlds offers for the first time a critical, wide-ranging geographical and temporal look at the varieties of whale histories in the Pacific. The essay contributors, hailing from around the Pacific, present a wealth of fascinating stories while breaking new methodological ground in environmental history, women's history, animal studies, and Indigenous ontologies. In the process they reveal previously hidden aspects of the story of Pacific whaling, including the contributions of Indigenous people to capitalist whaling, the industry's exceptionally far-reaching spread, and its overlooked second life as a global, industrial slaughter in the twentieth century. While pointing to striking continuities in whaling histories around the Pacific, Across Species and Cultures also reveals deep tensions: between environmentalists and Indigenous peoples, between ideas and realities, and between the North and South Pacific. The book delves in unprecedented ways into the lives and histories of whales themselves. Despite the worst ravages of commercial and industrial whaling, whales survived two centuries of mass killing in the Pacific. Their perseverance continues to nourish many human communities around and in the Pacific Ocean where they are hunted as commodities, regarded as signs of wealth and power, act as providers and protectors, but are also ancestors, providing a bridge between human and nonhuman worlds.

Background: Road Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence‐based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high‐income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge. Objectives: The objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels. Search Methods: The EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019. Selection Criteria: The interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post‐crash pre‐hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non‐fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes. Data Collection and Analysis: The EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case‐control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2. Main Results: The EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post‐crash pre‐hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non‐fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety‐six percent of the studies were reported from high‐income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper‐middle‐income countries, and only 1.4% from lower‐middle and low‐income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality. Authors' Conclusions: The EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence‐synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History of Construction Cultures Volume 1 contains papers presented at the 7ICCH – Seventh International Congress on Construction History, held at the Lisbon School of Architecture, Portugal, from 12 to 16 July, 2021. The conference has been organized by the Lisbon School of Architecture (FAUL), NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Portuguese Society for Construction History Studies and the University of the Azores. The contributions cover the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of Construction History and consist on the most recent advances in theory and practical case studies analysis, following themes such as: - epistemological issues; - building actors; - building materials; - building machines, tools and equipment; - construction processes; - building services and techniques ; -structural theory and analysis ; - political, social and economic aspects; - knowledge transfer and cultural translation of construction cultures. Furthermore, papers presented at thematic sessions aim at covering important problematics, historical periods and different regions of the globe, opening new directions for Construction History research. We are what we build and how we build; thus, the study of Construction History is now more than ever at the centre of current debates as to the shape of a sustainable future for humankind. Therefore, History of Construction Cultures is a critical and indispensable work to expand our understanding of the ways in which everyday building activities have been perceived and experienced in different cultures, from ancient times to our century and all over the world.

Between 1902 and 1934, the United States confined hundreds of adults and children from dozens of Native nations at the Canton Asylum for Insane Indians, a federal psychiatric hospital in South Dakota. But detention at the Indian Asylum, as families experienced it, was not the beginning or end of the story. For them, Canton Asylum was one of many places of imposed removal and confinement, including reservations, boarding schools, orphanages, and prison-hospitals. Despite the long reach of institutionalization for those forcibly held at the Asylum, the tenacity of relationships extended within and beyond institutional walls. In this accessible and innovative work, Susan Burch tells the story of the Indigenous people—families, communities, and nations, across generations to the present day—who have experienced the impact of this history.

El presente libro, de amplio corte temporal y espacial pretende crear un espacio de diálogo y debate crítico entre estudiosos, especialistas, como así también jóvenes investigadores cuyo objeto de estudio es el devenir de la humanidad y su interacción con los diversos medios que la rodean. El análisis y comprensión de los comportamientos humanos desde múltiples perspectivas posibilitan un conocimiento y una reflexión más profunda sobre problemáticas pretéritas y presentes, y al mismo tiempo permite plantear retos futuros. Consientes que sólo a través de las acciones pretéritas podremos comprender el desarrollo actual y plantear sociedades inclusivas y potencialmente seguras en un futuro sustentable, nuestro propósito es mirar a las civilizaciones desde las Ciencias Humanas planteando nuevas preguntas, revisitando las fuentes, buscando nuevos caminos de análisis y fundamentalmente estableciendo un diálogo pluridisciplinar que no implica la suma de saberes, sino la interacción de los mismos para enriquecer el análisis y potenciar los resultados.

Sabemos por Umberto Eco que el sentido de esa obra abierta está en manos de quienes van a leerla. De otra forma, los libros serán solo un espacio en nuestra estantería o en nuestro disco duro, pero no estimularán el debate en la comunidad científica y, mucho menos, en la ciudadanía. Además, aunque se cuenta con algún trabajo en portugués, italiano o inglés, la mayor parte de estas investigaciones están escritas en español y, por ello, deben divulgarse en el marco de la comunidad iberoamericana con especial interés. Son trabajos recientes, redactados durante una de las mayores crisis de la humanidad, pero no dejan de ser un instante en el devenir de un gran esfuerzo individual y colectivo, también institucional en el caso de universidades, grupos o proyectos de investigación. Su contenido es testimonio de todo lo bueno de lo que somos capaces. Es la memoria de nuestras inquietudes intelectuales y, por lo tanto, humanas.

Jones, Barry Owen (1932–). Australian politician, writer and lawyer, born in Geelong. Educated at Melbourne University, he was a public servant, high school teacher, television and radio performer, university lecturer and lawyer before serving as a Labor MP in the Victorian Parliament 1972–77 and the Australian House of Representatives 1977–98. He took a leading role in reviving the Australian film industry, abolishing the death penalty in Australia, and was the first politician to raise public awareness of global warming, the'post-industrial'society, the IT revolution, biotechnology, the rise of ‘the Third Age'and the need to preserve Antarctica as a wilderness. In the Hawke Government, he was Minister for Science 1983–90, Prices and Consumer Affairs 1987, Small Business 1987–90 and Customs 1988–90. He became a member of the Executive Board of UNESCO, Paris 1991–95 and National President of the Australian Labor Party 1992–2000, 2005–06. He was Deputy Chairman of the Constitutional Convention 1998. His books include Decades of Decision 1860– (1965), Joseph II (1968), Age of Apocalypse (1975), and he edited The Penalty is Death (1968). Sleepers, Wake!: Technology and the Future of Work was published by Oxford University Press in 1982, became a bestseller and has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Swedish and braille. The fourth edition was published in 1995. Knowledge Courage Leadership, a collection of speeches and essays, appeared in 2016.He received a DSc for his services to science in 1988 and a DLitt in 1993 for his work on information theory. Elected FTSE (1992), FAHA (1993), FAA (1996) and FASSA (2003), he is the only person to have become a Fellow of four of Australia's five learned Academies. Awarded an AO in 1993, named as one of Australia's 100 ‘living national treasures'in 1997, he was elected a Visiting Fellow Commoner of Trinity College, Cambridge in 1999. His autobiography, A Thinking Reed, was published in 2006 and The Shock of Recognition, about music and literature, in 2016. In 2014 he received an AC for services ‘as a leading intellectual in Australian public life'. What Is to Be Done was published by Scribe in 2020.

In some ways, Canadian history has always been international, comparative, and wide-ranging. However, in recent years the importance of the ties between Canadian and transnational history have become increasingly clear. Within and Without the Nation brings scholars from a range of disciplines together to examine Canada's past in new ways through the lens of transnational scholarship.Moving beyond well-known comparisons with Britain and the United States, the fifteen essays in this collection connect Canada with Latin America, the Caribbean, and the wider Pacific world, as well as with other parts of the British Empire. Examining themes such as the dispossession of indigenous peoples, the influence of nationalism and national identity, and the impact of global migration, Within and Without the Nation is a text which will help readers rethink what constitutes Canadian history.

A compelling and original recovery of Native American resistance and adaptation to colonial America With rigorous original scholarship and creative narration, Lisa Brooks recovers a complex picture of war, captivity, and Native resistance during the “First Indian War” (later named King Philip's War) by relaying the stories of Weetamoo, a female Wampanoag leader, and James Printer, a Nipmuc scholar, whose stories converge in the captivity of Mary Rowlandson. Through both a narrow focus on Weetamoo, Printer, and their network of relations, and a far broader scope that includes vast Indigenous geographies, Brooks leads us to a new understanding of the history of colonial New England and of American origins. Brooks's pathbreaking scholarship is grounded not just in extensive archival research but also in the land and communities of Native New England, reading the actions of actors during the seventeenth century alongside an analysis of the landscape and interpretations informed by tribal history.

Wie erklärt man den Aufstieg der USA von einer britischen Kolonie zur globalen Hegemonialmacht in einem Zeitraum von knapp 140 Jahren von der Revolution bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg? Welche Bedeutung hat dabei die nach dem Bürgerkrieg einsetzende forcierte „Nationsbildung“, die im Kontext der Besiedelung des Westens, der Etablierung eines kapitalistischen Systems à l'Américaine, der Ausbildung eines sich von Europa deutlich unterscheidenden Systems der Regulierung von Arbeit und Kapital, der nicht Durchsetzbarkeit sozialistischer Ideen und der Politik des „small government“ und „laissez-faire“ stattfand? Kurz: Welche Bedeutung hatte die spezifisch amerikanische Entwicklung mit ihrem Fokus auf den innenpolitischen und innergesellschaftlichen Problemkontext für die Entstehung bzw. Entwicklung der diskursiven Formation des „Empire for Liberty“, das sich spätestens mit dem Spanisch-Amerikanischen Krieg in eine außenpolitische Maxime übersetzte und handlungsleitend für die offensive amerikanische Hegemonialpolitik nach dem Weltkrieg wurde, ja das Empire zu einem „Way of Life“ machte? Obwohl der Erste Weltkrieg gemeinhin als Beginn einer amerikanischen Dominanz in der Weltpolitik gesehen wird, argumentiert M. Michaela Hampf, dass der Aufstieg der Vereinigten Staaten zu einer imperialen Macht bereits nach 1865 erfolgte. Methodisch geht die Untersuchung insofern neue Wege als zur Erklärung des „amerikanischen Sonderwegs“ die sozialwissenschaftliche Theorie der Pfadabhängigkeit herangezogen wird. Erklärt werden soll nicht die expansive amerikanische Außenpolitik als konsequente Anwendung amerikanischer Prinzipien, sondern die Pfade, die dazu führten, dass die amerikanische Politik bereit war, einen Weg zu beschreiten, der eine Abkehr von eben jenen Grundsätzen darstellte.

This 7-volume set is a compilation of important research on bullying. Some of the topics addressed include: cyberbullying, a form of bullying carried out using electronic communication; violent behavior; homophobia and its role in bullying; bullying prevention programs; predictors of school bullying; coping strategies and efforts to counter bullying behavior.

Jones, Barry Owen (1932–). Australian politician, writer and lawyer, born in Geelong. Educated at Melbourne High School and Melbourne University, he was a public servant, high school teacher, television and radio performer, university lecturer and lawyer before serving as a Labor MP in the Victorian Parliament 1972–77 and the Australian House of Representatives 1977–98. He took a leading role in reviving the Australian film industry and abolishing the death penalty in Australia, and was the first politician to raise public awareness of global warming, the'post‑industrial'society, the IT revolution, biotechnology, the rise of ‘the Third Age'and the need to preserve Antarctica as a wilderness. In the •Hawke Government, he was Minister for Science 1983–90, Prices and Consumer Affairs 1987, Small Business 1987–90 and Customs 1988–90. He became a member of the Executive Board of UNESCO, Paris 1991–95 and National President of the Australian Labor Party 1992–2000, 2005–06. He was Deputy Chairman of the Constitutional Convention 1998. His books include Decades of Decision 1860– (1965), Joseph II (1968) and Age of Apocalypse (1975), and he edited The Penalty Is Death (1968, revised and expanded 2022). Sleepers, Wake! Technology and the Future of Work was published by Oxford University Press in 1982, became a bestseller and has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Swedish and braille. The fourth edition was published in 1995. Knowledge Courage Leadership: Insights & Reflections, a collection of speeches and essays, appeared in 2016.He received a DSc in 1988 for his services to science and a DLitt in 1993 for his work on information theory. Elected FTSE (1992), FAHA (1993), FAA (1996) and FASSA (2003), he is the only person to have become a Fellow of four of Australia's five learned Academies. Awarded an AO in 1993, named as one of Australia's 100 ‘living national treasures'in 1997, he was elected a Visiting Fellow Commoner of Trinity College, Cambridge in 1999. His autobiography, A Thinking Reed, was published in 2006 and The Shock of Recognition, about music and literature, in 2016. In 2014 he received an AC for services ‘as a leading intellectual in Australian public life'. What Is to Be Done was published by Scribe in 2020.

This introduction to the history of work in America illuminates the many important roles that men and women of all backgrounds have played in the formation of the United States.A Day in the Life of an American Worker: 200 Trades and Professions through History allows readers to imagine the daily lives of ordinary workers, from the beginnings of colonial America to the present. It presents the stories of millions of Americans—from the enslaved field hands in antebellum America to the astronauts of the modern'space age'—as they contributed to the formation of the modern and culturally diverse United States.Readers will learn about individual occupations and discover the untold histories of those women and men who too often have remained anonymous to historians but whose stories are just as important as those of leaders whose lives we study in our classrooms. This book provides specific details to enable comprehensive understanding of the benefits and downsides of each trade and profession discussed. Selected accompanying documents further bring history to life by offering vivid testimonies from people who actually worked in these occupations or interacted with those in that field.

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. The ‘bog bodies'of north-western Europe have captured the imaginations of poets and archaeologists alike, allowing us to come face-to-face with individuals from the past. Their exceptional preservation permits us to examine minute details of their lives and deaths, making us reflect poignantly on our own mortality. But, as this book argues, the bodies must be resituated within a turbulent world of endemic violence and change. Reinterpreting the latest continental research and new discoveries, and featuring a ground-breaking ‘cold case'forensic study of Worsley Man, Manchester Museum's ‘bog head', it brings the bogs to life through both natural history and folklore, revealing them as places that were rich and fertile yet dangerous. The book also argues that these remains do not just pose practical conservation problems but also philosophical dilemmas, compounded by the critical debate on if – and how – they should be displayed.

American Writers of Humorous Short Stories is a single-volume reference that contains essays carefully selected by our editors to provide the best information available about the topic covered. The essays in this volume discuss such influential writers as O. Henry, James Thurber, Woody Allen, and Garrison Keillor.

Charles Darwin: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works provides an important new compendium presenting a detailed chronology of all aspects Darwin's life. The extensive encyclopedia section includes many hundreds of entries of various kinds related to Darwin – people, places, institutions, concepts, and his publications. The bibliography provides a comprehensive listing of the vast majority of Darwin's works published during and after his lifetime. It also provides a more selective list of publications concerning his life and work.Includes a nearly year by year chronology detailing Charles Darwin's life, family, and work.The A to Z section includes many entries on concepts and people important in Charles Darwin's life and his work, emphasizing during his lifetime but extending somewhat backwards and forwards from there. The bibliography includes all of Charles Darwin's articles and books published in his lifetime in English and other languages, as well as a selective list of works about him and his work.The index thoroughly cross-references the chronological and encyclopedic entries.

Providing chronologies of important events, historical narratives from the first settlement to the present, and biographies of major figures, this work offers readers an unseen look at the history of racism from the perspective of individual states.From the initial impact of European settlement on indigenous populations to the racial divides caused by immigration and police shootings in the 21st century, each American state has imposed some form of racial restriction on its residents. The United States proclaims a belief in freedom and justice for all, but members of various minority racial groups have often faced a different reality, as seen in such examples as the forcible dispossession of indigenous peoples during the Trail of Tears, Jim Crow laws'crushing discrimination of blacks, and the manifest unfairness of the Chinese Exclusion Act.Including the District of Columbia, the 51 entries in these two volumes cover the state-specific histories of all of the major minority and immigrant groups in the United States, including African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans. Every state has had a unique experience in attempting to build a community comprising multiple racial groups, and the chronologies, narratives, and biographies that compose the entries in this collection explore the consequences of racism from states'perspectives, revealing distinct new insights into their respective racial histories.