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Infectious disease risk in polar bears due to chronic starvation.
Di Guardo G
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0031164 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2042-7670 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00424900 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Rec Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Infectious disease risk in polar bears due to chronic starvation.
Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0031164 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2042-7670 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00424900 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Rec Subsets: MEDLINE

Subject terms:

Animals - Ursidae - Communicable Diseases veterinary - Starvation epidemiology - Starvation veterinary

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Adapting to ever-changing conditions.
Pelet S
Editorial & Opinion Editorial & Opinion | Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Experiments involving periodic stimuli shed light on the interplay between hyper-osmot... more
Adapting to ever-changing conditions.
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE
Experiments involving periodic stimuli shed light on the interplay between hyper-osmotic stress and glucose starvation in yeast cells.
Competing Interests: SP No competing interests declared
(© 2024, Pelet.)

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Humans - Osmotic Pressure - Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Glucose - Starvation

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Severe starvation and restraint in a 47-year-old woman: Clinical, autopsy and histopathological evidence of abuse and neglect.
Franchetti G;Cestonaro C;Giordano R;Callegari E;Giraudo C;Viel G;Cecchetto ...
Report Report | Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7902034 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-6283 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03790738 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Forensic Sci Int Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
The recognition of abuse and/or neglect still represents a challenge for both clinicia... more
Severe starvation and restraint in a 47-year-old woman: Clinical, autopsy and histopathological evidence of abuse and neglect.
Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7902034 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-6283 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03790738 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Forensic Sci Int Subsets: MEDLINE
The recognition of abuse and/or neglect still represents a challenge for both clinicians and forensic pathologists. Whereas abusive behaviors have been largely described among pediatric and elderly populations, adults' abuse and neglect is less frequently encountered, and therefore investigated. We report a case of a middle-aged woman without any known organic or psychiatric disorders who died of a multiple organ failure (MOF) due to extreme cachexia and bed-resting syndrome. The integration of all clinical, autopsy and histopathological data highlighted a picture of severe malnutrition, restraint, and widespread traumatic injuries related to abuse and neglect. We believe that the case here presented could be useful for both clinicians and forensic pathologists as it underlines once again the importance of collecting and integrating all medical evidence (both in the ante- and post-mortem settings) for reconstructing the most probable pathophysiology of disorders and injuries, comparing that reconstruction with the allegations of the caregivers, and thus identifying any potential abuse and/or neglect behaviors.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Subject terms:

Aged - Adult - Female - Humans - Child - Middle Aged - Autopsy - Forensic Pathology - Aggression - Starvation - Child Abuse

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Associations of concurrent early-life famine exposure and adulthood obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese.
Yi Q;Wu J;Shen Y;Zhu Y;Zhou Y;Bai H;Hao J;Song P
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Asia Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 101504326 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1753-0407 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17530407 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Diabetes Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Background: Evidence has shown that early-life famine exposure and obesity in adulthoo... more
Associations of concurrent early-life famine exposure and adulthood obesity with type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged Chinese.
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Asia Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 101504326 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1753-0407 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17530407 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Diabetes Subsets: MEDLINE
Background: Evidence has shown that early-life famine exposure and obesity in adulthood are independently associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies had revealed the combined effect of these risk factors.
Methods: Two sets of groups from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were selected. The fetal-exposure group born in 1959-1961 from 2011 wave (N = 958) and nonexposure group born in 1963-1965 from 2015 wave (N = 1540) were selected as Comparison 1. The early childhood-exposure group born in 1955-1957 from 2011 wave (N = 1510) and fetal-exposure group born in 1959-1961 from 2015 wave (N = 943) were Comparison 2. Logistic regressions were applied to examine the associations of different famine exposure periods and obesity patterns with T2DM risk.
Results: Compared with nonexposed participants without central overweight/obesity in adulthood, central overweight/obesity in adulthood together with nonexposure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.00) or fetal-exposure (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.23-3.23) was associated with higher risks of T2DM. Compared with the early childhood-exposure group, the fetal-exposed participants showed higher risks of T2DM (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02-1.66). The coexistence of fetal famine exposure and central overweight/obesity in adulthood was associated with higher risks of T2DM (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.19-2.79). Consistent associations were observed among males and participants from less severely affected areas.
Conclusions: In conclusion, central overweight/obesity in adulthood is associated with the increased risk of T2DM, but the effect of early-life famine exposure is not very clear.
(© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes published by Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Subject terms:

Male - Middle Aged - Humans - Child, Preschool - Aged - Female - Famine - Longitudinal Studies - Overweight complications - Obesity epidemiology - Obesity complications - Risk Factors - Obesity, Abdominal complications - China epidemiology - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications - Starvation complications - Starvation epidemiology - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects etiology

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Starvation as a weapon of war must stop.
The Lancet
Editorial & Opinion Editorial & Opinion | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985213R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-547X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01406736 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Starvation as a weapon of war must stop.
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985213R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-547X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01406736 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Subsets: MEDLINE

Subject terms:

Humans - Weapons - Warfare - Starvation prevention & control

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The great starvation experiment : the heroic men who starved so that millions could live / Todd Tucker.
Tucker, Todd, 1968-
Book | 2006
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: R 853 .H8 T83 2006)
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Gaza: Children dying of starvation as UN food trucks turned away, say aid organisations.
Mahase E
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900488 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-1833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09598138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Gaza: Children dying of starvation as UN food trucks turned away, say aid organisations.
Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900488 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-1833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09598138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Subsets: MEDLINE

Subject terms:

Child - Humans - Food - United Nations - Motor Vehicles - Starvation

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Draft environmental assessment, Starvation Reservoir resource management plan / prepared by the Bear West Consulting Team.
Book | 1999
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Special Collections & Archives, Book Collections (Lower Level) (Call number: BOOK COLL 47 no. 223)
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Starvation-resistant cavefish reveal conserved mechanisms of starvation-induced hepatic lipotoxicity.
Pozo-Morales M;Cobham AE;Centola C;McKinney MC;Liu P;Perazzolo C;Lefort A;L...
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Life Science Alliance, LLC Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101728869 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-1077 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25751077 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Alliance Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Starvation causes the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, a somewhat counteri... more
Starvation-resistant cavefish reveal conserved mechanisms of starvation-induced hepatic lipotoxicity.
Publisher: Life Science Alliance, LLC Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101728869 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-1077 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25751077 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Alliance Subsets: MEDLINE
Starvation causes the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver, a somewhat counterintuitive phenomenon that is nevertheless conserved from flies to humans. Much like fatty liver resulting from overfeeding, hepatic lipid accumulation (steatosis) during undernourishment can lead to lipotoxicity and atrophy of the liver. Here, we found that although surface populations of Astyanax mexicanus undergo this evolutionarily conserved response to starvation, the starvation-resistant cavefish larvae of the same species do not display an accumulation of lipid droplets upon starvation. Moreover, cavefish are resistant to liver atrophy during starvation, providing a unique system to explore strategies for liver protection. Using comparative transcriptomics between zebrafish, surface fish, and cavefish, we identified the fatty acid transporter slc27a2a/fatp2 to be correlated with the development of fatty liver. Pharmacological inhibition of slc27a2a in zebrafish rescues steatosis and atrophy of the liver upon starvation. Furthermore, down-regulation of FATP2 in Drosophila larvae inhibits the development of starvation-induced steatosis, suggesting the evolutionarily conserved importance of the gene in regulating fatty liver upon nutrition deprivation. Overall, our study identifies a conserved, druggable target to protect the liver from atrophy during starvation.
(© 2024 Pozo-Morales et al.)

Subject terms:

Animals - Humans - Zebrafish - Larva - Atrophy - Fatty Liver genetics - Starvation complications

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Starvation in bacteria / edited by Staffan Kjelleberg.
Book | 1993
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (3rd Floor North) (Call number: QR88 .S7 1993)
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How to conduct methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies of the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961.
Liu C;Lian Z;Li C
Editorial & Opinion Editorial & Opinion | Publisher: British Medical Assn Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7909766 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1470-2738 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0143005X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Epidemiol Community Health Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. more
How to conduct methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies of the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961.
Publisher: British Medical Assn Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7909766 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1470-2738 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0143005X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Epidemiol Community Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Subject terms:

Humans - Female - Famine - Obesity - China epidemiology - Epidemiologic Studies - Risk Factors - Starvation - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

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Attack on starvation.
Desrosier, Norman W.
Book | 1961
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier BARN, Books, Circulation Desk (1st Floor) (Call number: TX 353 .D45)
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Merrill-Cazier BARN, Books, Circulation Desk (1st Floor) TX 353 .D45 Available
 
Mating-induced increase of kynurenine in Drosophila ovary enhances starvation resistance of progeny.
Hikawa N;Kashio S;Miura M
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985121R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1083-351X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219258 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
The maternal nutritional environment can impact progeny development, stress tolerance,... more
Mating-induced increase of kynurenine in Drosophila ovary enhances starvation resistance of progeny.
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985121R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1083-351X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219258 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
The maternal nutritional environment can impact progeny development, stress tolerance, and longevity. Such phenotypic variation of offspring resulting from the maternal environment is often referred to as the 'maternal effect' and is observed across taxa, including in humans. While some mechanisms behind maternal effects have been revealed, such as histone modification, many studies rely on drastic genetic or nutritional manipulation in describing these mechanisms. Here we aimed to reveal how the maternal environment is regulated under physiological conditions to affect the progeny. Specifically, we detailed metabolic regulation in oocytes in response to mating using Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we found that upon mating, the ovary metabolites shifted, predominantly toward increasing amino acids and the tryptophan/kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. This mating-induced increase in ovary Kyn was driven by increased Kyn production in the fat body, a functional counterpart of the mammalian liver and white adipose tissue and the source of Kyn storage for the ovary after mating. Furthermore, we show that maternal Kyn repression decreased the starvation resistance of progeny and that administering exogenous Kyn to the maternal generation enhanced the starvation resistance of female progeny. Taken together, these findings point to a previously unidentified role of fat body Kyn distribution during reproduction on progeny survival.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.
(Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Subject terms:

Animals - Female - Drosophila melanogaster metabolism - Ovary metabolism - Reproduction - Male - Signal Transduction - Oocytes metabolism - Biological Transport - Kynurenine metabolism - Starvation

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Metabolic and circadian inputs encode anticipatory biogenesis of hepatic fed microRNAs.
Usha Satheesan S;Chowdhury S;Kolthur-Seetharam U
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Life Science Alliance, LLC Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101728869 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-1077 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25751077 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Alliance Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Starvation and refeeding are mostly unanticipated in the wild in terms of duration, fr... more
Metabolic and circadian inputs encode anticipatory biogenesis of hepatic fed microRNAs.
Publisher: Life Science Alliance, LLC Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101728869 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2575-1077 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25751077 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Life Sci Alliance Subsets: MEDLINE
Starvation and refeeding are mostly unanticipated in the wild in terms of duration, frequency, and nutritional value of the refed state. Notwithstanding this, organisms mount efficient and reproducible responses to restore metabolic homeostasis. Hence, it is intuitive to invoke expectant molecular mechanisms that build anticipatory responses to enable physiological toggling during fed-fast cycles. In this regard, we report anticipatory biogenesis of oscillatory hepatic microRNAs that peak during a fed state and inhibit starvation-responsive genes. Our results clearly demonstrate that the levels of primary and precursor microRNA transcripts increase during a fasting state, in anticipation of a fed response. We delineate the importance of both metabolic and circadian cues in orchestrating hepatic fed microRNA homeostasis in a physiological setting. Besides illustrating metabo-endocrine control, our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the overarching influence of starvation on anticipatory biogenesis. Importantly, by using pharmacological agents that are widely used in clinics, we point out the high potential of interventions to restore homeostasis of hepatic microRNAs, whose deregulated expression is otherwise well established to cause metabolic diseases.
(© 2024 Usha Satheesan et al.)

Subject terms:

Humans - Liver metabolism - Homeostasis genetics - MicroRNAs genetics - MicroRNAs metabolism - Starvation metabolism

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Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period.
Pagano AM;Rode KD;Lunn NJ;McGeachy D;Atkinson SN;Farley SD;Erlenbach JA;Rob...
Academic Journal Academic Journal | Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are th... more
Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period.
Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
Declining Arctic sea ice is increasing polar bear land use. Polar bears on land are thought to minimize activity to conserve energy. Here, we measure the daily energy expenditure (DEE), diet, behavior, movement, and body composition changes of 20 different polar bears on land over 19-23 days from August to September (2019-2022) in Manitoba, Canada. Polar bears on land exhibited a 5.2-fold range in DEE and 19-fold range in activity, from hibernation-like DEEs to levels approaching active bears on the sea ice, including three individuals that made energetically demanding swims totaling 54-175 km. Bears consumed berries, vegetation, birds, bones, antlers, seal, and beluga. Beyond compensating for elevated DEE, there was little benefit from terrestrial foraging toward prolonging the predicted time to starvation, as 19 of 20 bears lost mass (0.4-1.7 kg•day -1 ). Although polar bears on land exhibit remarkable behavioral plasticity, our findings reinforce the risk of starvation, particularly in subadults, with forecasted increases in the onshore period.
(© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Subject terms:

Humans - Animals - Climate Change - Canada - Diet - Ice Cover - Arctic Regions - Ecosystem - Ursidae - Starvation

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Hunger : the biology and politics of starvation / John R. Butterly, Jack Shepherd.
Butterly, John R.
Book | 2010
Available at Available Merrill-Cazier Books (2nd Floor South) (Call number: HC 79 .F3 B88 2010)
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Long-term and intergenerational impacts of famine: why preventing and treating child malnutrition must be seen as an investment and not a cost.
Kerac M;Cheng M
Editorial & Opinion Editorial & Opinion | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376027 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-3207 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Clin Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE Please log in to see more details
Long-term and intergenerational impacts of famine: why preventing and treating child malnutrition must be seen as an investment and not a cost.
Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376027 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-3207 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Clin Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

Subject terms:

Child - Humans - Female - Famine - China - Child Nutrition Disorders prevention & control - Malnutrition prevention & control - Starvation - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

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