Disinformation
Here are entered works on false or misleading information that is deliberately and/or covertly disseminated, often by an intelligence organization to confuse another nation's intelligence operations. Works on false or out-of-context information that is presented as fact regardless of an intent to deceive are entered under Misinformation.
See also what's at Wikipedia, your library, or elsewhere.
Broader term:Related term:Narrower terms:![[Info]](https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/info.gif)
Defeating Disinformation: Digital Platform Responsibility, Regulation, and Content Moderation on the Global Technological Commons (Cambridge, UK et al.: Cambridge University Press, 2025), ed. by Bhaskar Chakravorti and Joel P. Trachtman (HTML and PDF files at Cambridge)- International Disinformation: A Handbook for Analysis and Response (Leiden and Boston: Brill, c2025), by Robert Kupiecki, Filip Bryjka, and Tomasz Chłoń (PDF with commentary at OAPEN)
- Media and Propaganda in an Age of Disinformation (New York and London: Routledge, 2025), ed. by Nelson Costa Ribeiro and Barbie Zelizer
- The Long Fuse: Misinformation and the 2020 Election (Stanford University: Election Integrity Partnership, 2021), by University of Washington Center for an Informed Public, Atlantic Council Digital Forensic Research Lab, Graphika, and Stanford Internet Observatory, ed. by Eden Beck (PDF with commentary at Stanford)
- The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation (London: Routledge, 2020), ed. by Rainer Greifeneder, Mariela E. Jaffé, Eryn J. Newman, and Norbert Schwarz (Javascript-dependent PDF files with commentary at taylorfrancis.com)
- You Are Here: A Field Guide for Navigating Polluted Information (prepublication edition; 2020), by Whitney Phillips and Ryan M. Milner (HTML at pubpub.org)
- Apparatus of Lies: Saddam's Disinformation and Propaganda, 1990-2003, by George W. Bush (HTML and PDF at archives.gov)
- Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review (full serial archives)
- Creating Chaos Online: Disinformation and Subverted Post-Publics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, c2022), by Asta Zelenkauskaite (multiple formats with commentary at fulcrum.org)
- Creating Chaos Online: Disinformation and Subverted Post-Publics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, c2022), by Asta Zelenkauskaite (multiple formats with commentary at fulcrum.org)
- International Disinformation: A Handbook for Analysis and Response (Leiden and Boston: Brill, c2025), by Robert Kupiecki, Filip Bryjka, and Tomasz Chłoń (PDF with commentary at OAPEN)
- The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States (Cambridge, UK et al.: Cambridge University Press, c2021), ed. by W. Lance Bennett and Steven Livingston (PDF and HTML at Cambridge Core)
- Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2018), by Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts (PDF (mouse over "open access" link to reveal) with commentary at OUP)
- Bias, Belief, and Conviction in an Age of Fake Facts (London and New York: Routledge, c2023), ed. by Anke K. Finger and Manuela Wagner
- The Long Fuse: Misinformation and the 2020 Election (Stanford University: Election Integrity Partnership, 2021), by University of Washington Center for an Informed Public, Atlantic Council Digital Forensic Research Lab, Graphika, and Stanford Internet Observatory, ed. by Eden Beck (PDF with commentary at Stanford)
- You Are Here: A Field Guide for Navigating Polluted Information (prepublication edition; 2020), by Whitney Phillips and Ryan M. Milner (HTML at pubpub.org)
- Propaganda and Conflict: War, Media and Shaping the Twentieth Century (London et al.: Bloomsbury Academic, c2019), ed. by Mark Connelly, Jo Fox, Stefan Goebel, and Ulf Schmidt (PDF and Epub with commentary at OAPEN)
- The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation (London: Routledge, 2020), ed. by Rainer Greifeneder, Mariela E. Jaffé, Eryn J. Newman, and Norbert Schwarz (Javascript-dependent PDF files with commentary at taylorfrancis.com)
- The Psychology of Fake News: Accepting, Sharing, and Correcting Misinformation (London: Routledge, 2020), ed. by Rainer Greifeneder, Mariela E. Jaffé, Eryn J. Newman, and Norbert Schwarz (Javascript-dependent PDF files with commentary at taylorfrancis.com)
Items below (if any) are from related and broader terms.
Filed under: Intelligence service- How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa'ida (2008), by Seth G. Jones and Martin C. Libicki (PDF with commentary at rand.org)
- Stress Tested: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Canadian National Security (Calgary: University of Calgary Press, c2021), ed. by Leah West, Thomas Juneau, and Amarnath Amarasingam (PDF files at University of Calgary)
- Confronting the "Enemy Within": Security Intelligence, the Police, and Counterterrorism in Four Democracies (Santa Monica, CA et al: RAND, c2004), by Peter Chalk and William Rosenau (PDF with commentary at rand.org)
- The Role of Cuba in International Terrorism and Subversion: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Security and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session (Washington: GPO, 1982), by United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (page images at HathiTrust)
- Greenmantle, by John Buchan (Gutenberg text and audio)
- Mr. Standfast, by John Buchan (Gutenberg text)
- The American Spy, or, Freedom's Early Sacrifice, by J. R. Simms (HTML at threerivershms.com)
- The Thirty-Nine Steps (Blackwood edition, 1915), by John Buchan (HTML at Bartleby)
- The Thirty-Nine Steps, by John Buchan (Gutenberg text)
- National Intelligence Machinery (second edition, 2001), by Great Britain Joint Intelligence Committee (PDF in the UK)
- Secret Power (Nelson, NZ: Craig Potton Publishing, 2007), by Nicky Hager (PDF with commentary at nickyhager.info)
- Suspicious Sweeps: The General Intelligence Department and Jordan's Rule of Law Problem (New York: Human Rights Watch, 2006), by Christoph Wilcke (HTML and PDF with commentary at hrw.org)
- Secret Power (Nelson, NZ: Craig Potton Publishing, 2007), by Nicky Hager (PDF with commentary at nickyhager.info)
- Studies in Intelligence (unclassified version) (partial serial archives)
- Remaking Domestic Intelligence (working paper version; c2005), by Richard A. Posner (PDF with commentary at AEI)
- Investigation Into the Office of Legal Counsel's Memoranda Concerning Issues Relating to the Central Intelligence Agency's Use of "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques" on Suspected Terrorists (redacted for public release, 2009), by United States Department of Justice Office of Professional Responsibility (PDF at Wayback Machine)
- Discourse, Dissent, and Strategic Surprise: Formulating U.S. Security Policy in an Age of Uncertainty (Washington: Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University, c2006), by Janne E. Nolan and Douglas J. MacEachin, contrib. by Christine Tockman (PDF at Wayback Machine)
- The Erosion of Law Enforcement Intelligence Gathering Capabilities: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session, September 9, 1976 (Washington: GPO, 1976), by United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (page images at HathiTrust)
- Final Report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate: Together With Additional, Supplemental, and Separate Views (6 volumes; Washington: GPO, 1976), by United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities
- Sharing Secrets With Lawmakers: Congress as a User of Intelligence (1997), by L. Britt Snider (HTML at webharvest.gov)
- Cuba and Pearl Harbor: Hindsight and Foresight (1965), by Roberta Wohlstetter (PDF with commentary at rand.org)
- Investigative Report on the Terrorist Attacks on the U.S. Facilities in Benghazi, Libya, September 11-12, 2012 (with appendices; Washington: House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 2014), by Mike Rogers and C. A. Ruppersberger (PDF files at house.gov)
- Getting to Know the President: CIA Briefings of Presidential Candidates, 1952-2004 (second edition, 2012), by John L. Helgerson (PDF at fdlp.gov)
- Intelligence Activities, Senate Resolution 21: Hearings Before the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of the United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth Congress, First Session (7 volumes; Washington: GPO, 1976), by United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities
- Volume 1 (Unauthorized Storage of Toxic Agents): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 2 (Huston Plan): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 3 (Internal Revenue Service): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 4 (Mail Opening): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 5 (The National Security Agency and Fourth Amendment Rights): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 6 (Federal Bureau of Investigation): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Volume 7 (Covert Action): page images at aarclibrary.org
- Report to the President by the Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States (aka the Rockefeller Commission report; 1975), by United States Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States (HTML and PDF with commentary at history-matters.com)
- Predicting the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: The Intelligence Community's Record (Washington: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 2002), by Douglas J. MacEachin (page images at HathiTrust)
- American Cryptology During the Cold War, 1945-1989 (4 volumes; declassified redacted version, published 1995-1999), by Thomas R. Johnson
- Psychology of Intelligence Analysis (Washington: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1999), by Richards J. Heuer (PDF at fdlp.gov)
- International Terrorism: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, on Internationl Terrorism, Thursday, August 1, 1996 (Washington: GPO, 1997), by United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (multiple formats at archive.org)
- Iraq: Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, in Iraq, Thursday, September 19, 1996 (Washington: GPO, 1997), by United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (multiple formats at archive.org)
- Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of U.S. Intelligence, by Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community (HTML at gpo.gov)
- Understanding Special Operations and Their Impact on the Vietnam War Era: 1989 Interview with L. Fletcher Prouty, by David T. Ratcliffe, contrib. by L. Fletcher Prouty (HTML at ratical.org)
- The Founding Fathers of American Intelligence, by P. K. Rose (HTML at webharvest.gov)
- Sherman Kent and the Board of National Estimates: Collected Essays, by Sherman Kent, ed. by Donald P. Steury (HTML at webharvest.gov)
More items available under broader and related terms at left.