| | Preface | |
| | Contributors | |
| 1 | Vaccines and Vaccination in Historical Perspective / Myron M. Levine, Rosanna Lagos | 1 |
| 2 | The Traditional Vaccines: An Overview / Gordon L. Ada | 13 |
| 3 | An Overview of Biotechnology as Applied to Vaccine Development / Graeme C. Woodrow | 25 |
| 4 | Initial Clinical Evaluation of New Vaccine Candidates: Phase 1 and 2 Clinical Trials of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Preliminary Efficacy / Carol O. Tacket, Tacket J. Mattheis, Margaret Baker Rennels | 35 |
| 5 | Long-Term Evaluation of Vaccine Protection: Methodological Issues for Phase 3 Trials and Phase 4 Studies / John D. Clemens, Abdollah Naficy, Malla R. Rao | 47 |
| 6 | Economic Analyses of Vaccines and Vaccination Programs: Evaluating the Economic Rationale for Immunization / Orin S. Levine, Benjamin Schwartz | 69 |
| 7 | Reaping the Benefits: Getting Vaccines to Those Who Need Them / J. W. Lee, Bruce Aylward, Harry F. Hull [et al.] | 79 |
| 8 | Progress and Challenges in Modern Vaccinology: An Immunologist's Perspective / Gustav J. V. Nossal | 89 |
| 9 | The Eradication of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases / William Foege | 93 |
| 10 | Recent Advances in Immunology: Impact on Vaccine Development / Marcelo B. Sztein, Graham F. Mitchell | 99 |
| 11 | Computer Prediction of T-Cell Epitopes / Anne S. De Groot, Gabriel E. Meister, James L. Cornette [et al.] | 127 |
| 12 | Identification of B- and T-Cell Epitopes Through Structural Characterization and Peptide Technology / Juan A. Cooper, Allan J. Saul | 139 |
| 13 | The Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune System / Stephen P. James | 151 |
| 14 | Adjuvants for the Future / Robert Edelman | 173 |
| 15 | Proteosomes for Improved Nasal, Oral, or Injectable Vaccines / George H. Lowell | 193 |
| 16 | Liposomes as Adjuvants for Vaccines / Carl R. Alving | 207 |
| 17 | Prospects for the Development of New and Improved Vaccines Through the Use of Microencapsulation Technology / Derek T. O'Hagan | 215 |
| 18 | Antigen Cochleate Preparations for Oral and Systemic Vaccination / Raphael J. Mannino, Susan Gould-Fogerite | 229 |
| 19 | Ty Virus-like Particles as an Antigen Delivery System / Guy T. Layton | 239 |
| 20 | Immunopotentiating Reconstituted Influenza Virosomal Vaccine Delivery System / Reinhard Gluck, Stanley J. Cryz, Jr. | 247 |
| 21 | Mutant Pertussis and Escherichia coli Heat-Liable Toxins as Adjuvants for Enhancing Local and Systemic Immune Responses to Coadministered, Nonliving Antigens / Gillian Douce, Gordon Dougan, MariaGrazia Pizza [et al.] | 253 |
| 22 | Oral Vaccine Production in the Edible Tissues of Transgenic Plants / Charles J. Arntzen, Hugh S. Mason | 263 |
| 23 | DNA-Based Vaccines: Extending the Technology / Stephen Albert Johnston, Kathryn F. Sykes, Michael A. Barry | 279 |
| 24 | Vaccination Against Influenza with Plasmid DNA: Cross-Strain and Homologous Protection / John J. Donnelly, Jeffrey B. Ulmer, Margaret A. Liu | 287 |
| 25 | Vaccinia Virus as a Live Vector for Expression of Immunogens / Charles Flexner, Bernard Moss | 297 |
| 26 | Attenuated Poliovirus as Live Vector / Matthias Gromeier, Hui-Hua Lu, Steffen Mueller [et al.] | 315 |
| 27 | Attenuated Salmonella as a Live Vector for Expression of Foreign Antigens | 331 |
| | i | Expressing Bacterial Antigens / S. N. Chatfield, Gordon Dougan | 331 |
| | ii | Carrying Viral Antigens / Fiorian Schodel | 343 |
| | iii | Salmonella Expressing Protozoal Antigens / Myron M. Levine, James E. Galen, Marcelo B. Sztein [et al.] | 351 |
| 28 | BCG as a Recombinant Vaccine Vector / Glenn J. Fennelly, William R. Jacobs, Jr., Barry R. Bloom | 363 |
| 29 | Attenuated Vibrio cholerae as a Live Vector for Expression of Foreign Antigens / Joan R. Butterton, Stephen B. Calderwood | 379 |
| 30 | New and Improved Vaccines Against Pertussis / Erik L. Hewlett, James D. Cherry | 387 |
| 31 | New and Improved Vaccines Against Diphtheria and Tetanus / Rino Rappuoli | 417 |
| 32 | Progress in Development of New Attenuated Strains of Salmonella typhi as Live Oral Vaccines Against Typhoid Fever / Myron M. Levine, Carol O. Tacket, James E. Galen [et al.] | 437 |
| 33 | New and Improved Vaccines Against Cholera | 447 |
| | i | Attenuated Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 Strains as Live Oral Cholera Vaccines / James B. Kaper, Carol O. Tacket, Myron M. Levine | 447 |
| | ii | Oral B Subunit Killed Whole-Cell Cholera Vaccine / Jan Holmgren, Marianne Jertborn, Ann-Mari L. Svennerholm | 459 |
| 34 | New and Improved Vaccines Against Meningococcal Disease / Wendell D. Zollinger | 469 |
| 35 | Epidemiological Impact of Conjugate Vaccines on Invasive Disease Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Type b / Jay D. Wenger, Robert Booy, Paul T. Heath [et al.] | 489 |
| 36 | Conjugate Vaccines Against Streptococcus pneumoniae / David L. Klein, Ronald W. Ellis | 503 |
| 37 | Vaccine Development for Rickettsial Infections: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Epidemic Typhus, and Scrub Typhus / Kimberly W. Schuenke, David H. Walker | 527 |
| 38 | New and Improved Vaccines Against Influenza / Mary Lou Clements, Ina Stephens | 545 |
| 39 | New Vaccines Against Hepatitis A / Jack T. Stapleton, Stanley M. Lemon | 571 |
| 40 | New and Improved Vaccines for Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, and Yellow Fever Viruses / Niranjan Kanesa-thasan, Robert Putnak, Charles H. Hoke, Jr. | 587 |
| 41 | Improved Vaccines Against Rabies / Zhen Fang Fu, Bernhard Dietzschold, Stanley A. Plotkin [et al.] | 607 |
| 42 | Combination Vaccines for Routine Infant Immunization: Prospects, Progress, and Dilemmas / Carole Heilman, N. Regina Rabinovich | 619 |
| 43 | New Vaccines Against Tuberculosis / Douglas Young, Uli Fruth | 631 |
| 44 | Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccines / Michiaki Takahashi, Anne A. Gershon | 647 |
| 45 | Vaccines Against Rotavirus / Paul A. Offit, H. Fred Clark, Albert Z. Kapikian | 659 |
| 46 | Experimental HIV-1 Vaccines / Mary Lou Clements | 673 |
| 47 | Vaccines Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 / James E. Crowe, Jr., Peter L. Collins, Robert M. Chanock [et al.] | 711 |
| 48 | Herpes Simplex Vaccines / Richard J. Whitley | 727 |
| 49 | Vaccines Against Arenaviruses and Filoviruses / J. Christopher S. Clegg, Anthony Sanchez | 749 |
| 50 | Vaccines Against Papillomavirus Infections / Robert W. Tindle, Ian H. Frazer | 767 |
| 51 | Vaccines Against Streptococcus pyogenes Infections / Debra E. Bessen, Vincent A. Fischetti | 783 |
| 52 | O-Specific Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates for Prevention of Enteric Bacterial Diseases / John B. Robbins, Rachel Schneerson, Shousun C. Szu | 803 |
| 53 | Vaccines Against Gonococcal Infection / Timothy A. Mietzner, Myron S. Cohen | 817 |
| 54 | Vaccines Against Shigella Infections | 843 |
| | i | Escherichia coli- or Salmonella typhi-Expressing Shigella Antigens / Thomas Larry Hale, Malabi M. Venkatesan | 843 |
| | ii | Engineered Attenuated Mutants of Shigella as Live Oral Vaccines / Fernando Noriega, Samuel B. Formal, Karen L. Kotloff [et al.] | 853 |
| 55 | Vaccines Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections | 865 |
| | i | Oral Inactivated Vaccines Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Ann-Mari L. Svennerholm, Christina Ahren, Marianne Jertborn | 865 |
| | ii | Live Oral Vaccines and Subunit (Purified Fimbriae and Toxin Subunit) Vaccines / Carol O. Tacket, Myron M. Levine | 875 |
| 56 | Vaccines Against Campylobacter jejuni / Daniel A. Scott, Shahida Baqar, Donald H. Burr [et al.] | 885 |
| 57 | Vaccines Against Lyme Disease / Robert Edelman | 897 |
| 58 | Vaccines Against Dental Caries Infection / Daniel J. Smith, Martin A. Taubman | 913 |
| 59 | Vaccines Against Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Septicemic E. coli Infections / Alan S. Cross, Stanley J. Cryz, Jr. | 931 |
| 60 | Vaccines Against Escherichia coli and Proteus Urinary Tract Infections / Harry L. T. Mobley | 945 |
| 61 | Vaccines Against Helicobacter pylori / Adrian Lee, Christopher Doidge | 963 |
| 62 | Vaccines for Staphylococcus aureus Infections / Ali I. Fattom, Robert B. Naso | 979 |
| 63 | Vaccines Against Malaria | 989 |
| | i | Synthetic Peptide Vaccines Against the Sporozoite Stage of Plasmodium / Elizabeth H. Nardin, Ruth S. Nussenzweig | 989 |
| | ii | Vaccines Designed to Induced Protective T-Cell Reponses Against Plasmodium-Infected Hepatocytes / John B. Sacci, Jr., Eileen D. Franke, Stephen L. Hoffman | 1009 |
| | iii | Spf66 Vaccine Against Asexual Erythrocytic Stages of P. falciparum / Roberto Amador, Manuel E. Patarroyo | 1027 |
| | iv | Vaccines Against Asexual Blood Stages of Plasmodium falciparum / Robin F. Anders | 1035 |
| | v | Vaccines Against Sexual-Stage Parasites of P. falciparum: Transmission-Blocking Vaccines / David C. Kaslow | 1057 |
| 64 | Vaccines Against Leishmaniasis / Carol L. Eisenberger, Charles L. Jaffe | 1065 |
| 65 | Vaccines Against Schistosomiasis / Gilles J. Riveau, Andre Capron | 1081 |
| 66 | Antitumor Vaccines / Karl Erik Hellstrom, Ingegerd Hellstrom, Lieping Chen | 1095 |
| 67 | Vaccine Therapy / Donald S. Burke | 1117 |
| 68 | Vaccines to Prevent Pregnancy / Vernon C. Stevens, Warren R. Jones | 1131 |
| 69 | An Anti-arthropod Vaccine: TickGARD - A Vaccine to Prevent Cattle Tick Infestations / Gary S. Cobon | 1145 |
| 70 | Large-Scale Production of Live Attenuated Bacterial and Viral Vaccines / Stanley J. Cryz, Jr., Reinhard Gluck | 1153 |
| 71 | Vaccine Development: The Long Road from Initial Idea to Product Licensure / Jens-Peter Gregersen | 1165 |
| 72 | Inadvertant Nontarget Effects of Live Vaccines / Myron M. Levine, Eileen M. Barry | 1179 |
| 73 | The Role of the Food and Drug Administration in Vaccine Testing and Licensure / Bascomb F. Anthony, Ann Sutton | 1185 |
| | Index | 1195 |
