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Modern Units -- Special Nuclear Units -- Physical Constants -- The Atom -- Atomic and Nuclear Nomenclature -- Atomic and Molecular Weights -- Avogadro's Number -- Mass of an Atom -- Atomic Number Density -- Size of an Atom -- Atomic and Isotopic Abundances -- Nuclear Dimensions -- Chart of the Nuclides -- Other Sources of Atomic/Nuclear Information -- Modern Physics Concepts -- The Special Theory of Relativity -- Principle of Relativity -- Results of the Special Theory of Relativity -- Radiation as Waves and Particles -- The Photoelectric Effect -- Compton Scattering -- Electromagnetic Radiation: Wave-Particle Duality -- Electron Scattering -- Wave-Particle Duality -- Quantum Mechanics -- Schrodinger's Wave Equation -- The Wave Function -- The Uncertainty Principle -- Success of Quantum Mechanics -- Addendum 1: Derivation of Some Special Relativity Results -- Time Dilation -- Length Contraction -- Mass Increase -- Addendum 2: Solutions to Schrodinger's Wave Equation -- The Particle in a Box -- The Hydrogen Atom -- Energy Levels for Multielectron Atoms -- Atomic/Nuclear Models -- Development of the Modern Atom Model -- Discovery of Radioactivity -- Thomson's Atomic Model: The Plum Pudding Model -- The Rutherford Atomic Model -- The Bohr Atomic Model -- Extension of the Bohr Theory: Elliptic Orbits -- The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom -- Models of the Nucleus -- Fundamental Properties of the Nucleus -- The Proton-Electron Model -- The Proton-Neutron Model -- Stability of Nuclei.
Linear Quantum Mechanics: Its Successes and Problems -- The Fundamental Hypotheses of the Linear Quantum Mechanics -- Successes and Problems of the Linear Quantum Mechanics -- Dispute between Bohr and Einstein -- Analysis on the Roots of Problems of Linear Quantum Mechanics and Review on Recent Developments -- Macroscopic Quantum Effects and Motions of Quasi-Particles -- Macroscopic Quantum Effects -- Macroscopic quantum effect in superconductors -- Quantization of magnetic flux -- Structure of vortex lines in type-II superconductors -- Josephson effect -- Macroscopic quantum effect in liquid helium -- Other macroscopic quantum effects -- Quantum Hall effect -- Spin polarized atomic hydrogen system -- Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons -- Analysis on the Nature of Macroscopic Quantum Effect -- Motion of Superconducting Electrons -- Motion of electrons in the absence of external fields -- Motion of electrons in the presence of an electromagnetic field -- Analysis of Macroscopic Quantum Effects in Inhomogeneous Superconductive Systems -- Proximity effect -- Josephson current in S-I-S and S-N-S junctions -- Josephson effect in SNIS junction -- Josephson Effect and Transmission of Vortex Lines Along the Superconductive Junctions -- Motion of Electrons in Non-Equilibrium Superconductive Systems -- Motion of Helium Atoms in Quantum Superfluid -- The Fundamental Principles and Theories of Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics -- Lessons Learnt from the Macroscopic Quantum Effects -- Fundamental Principles of Nonlinear Quantum Mechanics.
Light and Colour -- Colour and Light -- Colour and Energy -- Light Waves -- Interference -- Light Waves and Colour -- Black-Body Radiation and Incandescence -- The Colour of Incandescent Objects -- Photons -- Lamps and Lasers -- Lamps -- Emission and Absorption of Radiation -- Energy-Level Populations -- Rates of Absorption and Emission -- Cavity Modes -- Vision -- Colour Perception -- Additive Coloration -- The Interaction of Light with a Material -- Subtractive Coloration -- Electronic Paper -- Appearance and Transparency -- Definitions, Units and Conversion Factors -- Constants, Conversion Factors and Energy -- Waves -- SI Units Associated with Radiation and Light Further Reading -- Colours Due to Refraction and Dispersion -- Refraction and the Refractive Index of a Material
Rubber in Engineering Elastomers Dynamic Application General Design Principles Thermal Expansivity, Pressure, and Swelling Specific Applications and Operating Principles Seal Life Seal Friction Materials and Compounds / Elastomer Types General-Purpose Elastomers Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Polyisoprene (NR, IR) Polybutadiene (BR) Specialty Elastomers Polychloroprene (CR) Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR) Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR) Butyl Rubber (IIR) Ethylene-Propylene Rubber (EPR, EPDM) Silicone Rubber (MQ) Polysulfide Rubber (T) Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM) Chlorinated Polyethylene (CM) Ethylene-Methyl Acrylate Rubber (AEM) Acrylic Rubber (ACM) Fluorocarbon Rubbers (FKM) Epichlorohydrin Rubber (ECO) Urethane Rubber Compounding Vulcanization and Curing Sulfur Curing Determination of Crosslink Density Influence of Crosslink Density Other Cure Systems Reinforcement Anti-Degradants Ozone Attack Oxidation Process Aids Extenders Tackifiers Typical Rubber Compounds Elasticity / Elastic Properties at Small Strains Elastic Constants Relation Between Shear Modulus G and Composition Stiffness of Components Choice of Shear Modulus Shear Deformation of Bonded Blocks and Hollow Cylindrical Tubes Small Compressions or Extensions of Bonded Blocks Maximum Permitted Loads in Tension and Compression Indentation of Rubber Blocks by Rigid Indentors Protrusion of Rubber Through a Hole in a Rigid Plate Large Deformations General Theory of Large Elastic Deformations Stress-Strain Relations in Selected Cases General Relations Between Stress and Strain Simple Extension Evaluation of the Strain Energy Function W Elastic Behavior of Filled Rubber Vulcanizates Equi-Biaxial Stretching Constrained Tension (Pure Shear) Inflation of a Spherical Shell (Balloon) Inflation of a Spherical Cavity Second-Order Stresses Simple Shear Torsion Molecular Theory of Rubber Elasticity Elastic Behavior of a Single Molecular Strand Elasticity of a Molecular Network Effective Density of Network Strands Second Term in the Strain Energy Function Concluding Remarks on Molecular Theories Dynamic Mechanical Properties / Viscoelasticity Dynamic Experiments Energy Considerations Motion of a Suspended Mass Experimental Techniques Forced Nonresonance Vibration Forced Resonance Vibration Free Vibration Methods Rebound Resilience Effect of Static and Dynamic Strain Levels Application of Dynamic Mechanical Measurements Heat Generation in Rubber Components Vibration Isolation Shock Absorbers Effects of Temperature and Frequency Thixotropic Effects ini Filled Rubber Compounds Strength / Fracture Mechanics Analysis of the Test Pieces Strain Energy Concentration at a Crack Tip Tear Behavior Crack Growth Under Repeated Loading Fatigue Limit and the Effect of Ozone Physical Interpretation of G[subscript 0] Effects of Type of Elastomer and Filler Effect of Oxygen Effects of Frequency and Temperature Nonrelaxing Effects Time-Dependent Failure Ozone Attack Tensile Strength Crack Growth in Shear and Compression Cavitation and Related Failures Mechanical Fatigue / Application of Fracture Mechanics to Mechanical Fatigue of Rubber Initiation and Propagation of Cracks Fatigue Crack Initiation Fatigue Life and Crack Growth Fatigue Crack Propagation: The Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristic Fatigue Life Determinations from the Crack Growth Characteristics Fatigue Crack Growth Test Methodology Experimental Determination of Dynamic Tearing Energies for Fatigue Fatigue Crack Propagation Kinetics of Crack Growth Effects of Test Variables on Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristics and Dynamic Fatigue Life Waveform Frequency Temperature Static Strain/Stress Material Variables and Their Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth Reinforcing Fillers and Compound Modulus Elastomer Type Vulcanizing System Fatigue and Crack Growth of Rubber under Biaxial Stresses Fatigue in Rubber Composites Effect of Wires, Cords, and Their Spacing on Fatigue Crack Propagation Effect of Minimum Strain or Stress Comparison of S-N Curve and Fatigue Crack Propagation Constants for Rubber-Wire Composites Fatigue of Two-Ply Rubber-Cord Laminates Fatigue Cracking of Rubber in Compression and Shear Applications Crack Growth in Compression Crack Growth in Shear Environmental Effects Modeling and Life Predictions of Elastomeric Components Fatigue Crack Propagation in Thermoplastic Elastomers Durability of Thermoplastic Elastomers Durability / Creep, Stress Relaxation, and Set Creep Stress Relaxation Physical Relaxation Chemical Relaxation Compression Set and Recovery Longevity of Elastomers in Air Durability at Ambient Temperatures Sunlight and Weathering Ozone Cracking Structural Bearings: Case Studies Natural Rubber Pads on a Rail Viaduct after 100 years of Service Laminated Bridge Bearings after 20 Years of Service Effect of Low Temperatures Glass Transition Crystallization Reversibility of Low Temperature Effects Effect of Elevated Temperatures Effect of Fluid Environments Aqueous Liquids Hydrocarbon Liquids Hydrocarbon and Other Gases Effects of Temperature and Chemical Attack Effect of Radiation Durability of Rubber-Metal Bonds Adhesion Tests Rubber-Metal Adhesive Systems Durability in Salt Water: Role of Electrochemical Potentials Life Prediction Methodology Design of Components / Shear and Compression Bearings Planar Sandwich Forms Laminate Bearings Tube Form Bearings and Mountings Effective Shape Factors Vibration and Noise Control Vibration Background Information Design Requirements Sample Problems Practical Design Guidelines Solutions for Problems for Chapter 8 Finite Element Analysis / Material Specification Metal Elastomers Linear Non-Linear Elastomer Material Model Correlation ASTM 412 Tensile Correlation Pure Shear Correlation Bi-Axial Correlation Simple Shear Correlation Terminology and Verification Terminology Types of FEA Models Model Building Modeling Hints for Non-Linear FEA Boundary Conditions Solution Tangent Stiffness Newton-Raphson Non-Linear Material Behavior Visco-Elasticity (See Chapter 4) Model Verification Results Linear Verification Classical Verification -- Non-Linear Example Applications Positive Drive Timing Belt Dock Fender Rubber Boot Bumper Design Laminated Bearing Down Hole Packer Bonded Sandwich Mount O-Ring Elastomer Hose Model Sample Belt Tests and Specifications /