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Vectors, matrices and systems of linear equations / Linear independence, span, and bases / Linear transformations / Determinants and eigenvalues / Inner product spaces, orthogonal projection, least squares and singular value decomposition / Canonical forms / Unitary similarity, normal matrices, and spectral theory / Hermitian and positive definite matrices / Nonnegative and stochastic matrices / Partitioned matrices / Functions of matrices / Quadratic, bilinear and sesquilinear forms / Multilinear algebra / Matrix equalities and inequalities / Matrix perturbation theory / Pseudospectra / Singular values and singular value inequalities / Numerical range / Matrix stability and inertia / Inverse eigenvalue problems / Totally positive and totally negative matrices / Linear preserver problems / Matrices over integral domains / Similarities of families of matrices / Max-plus algebra / Matrices leaving a cone invariant /
What's it all about? -- Data Mining and Machine Learning -- Describing Structural Patterns -- Machine Learning -- Data Mining -- Simple Examples: The Weather Problem and Others -- Weather Problem -- Contact Lenses: An Idealized Problem -- Irises: A Classic Numeric Dataset -- CPU Performance: Introducing Numeric Prediction -- Labor Negotiations: A More Realistic Example -- Soybean Classification: A Classic Machine Learning Success -- Fielded Applications -- Web Mining -- Decisions Involving Judgment -- Screening Images -- Load Forecasting -- Diagnosis -- Marketing and Sales -- Other Applications -- Data Mining Process -- Machine Learning and Statistics -- Generalization as Search -- Enumerating the Concept Space -- Bias -- Data Mining and Ethics -- Reidentification -- Using Personal Information -- Wider Issues -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- Input: concepts, instances, attributes -- What's a Concept? -- What's in an Example? -- Relations -- Other Example Types -- What's in an Attribute? -- Preparing the Input -- Gathering the Data Together -- ARFF Format -- Sparse Data -- Attribute Types -- Missing Values -- Inaccurate Values -- Unbalanced Data -- Getting to Know Your Data -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- Output: knowledge representation -- Tables -- Linear Models -- Trees -- Rules -- Classification Rules -- Association Rules -- Rules With Exceptions -- More Expressive Rules -- Instance-Based Representation -- Clusters -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- Algorithms: the basic methods -- Inferring Rudimentary Rules -- Missing Values and Numeric Attributes -- Simple Probabilistic Modeling -- Missing Values and Numeric Attributes -- Naive Bayes for Document Classification -- Remarks -- Divide-and-Conquer: Constructing Decision Trees -- Calculating Information -- Highly Branching Attributes -- Covering Algorithms: Constructing Rules -- Rules Versus Trees -- Simple Covering Algorithm -- Rules Versus Decision Lists -- Mining Association Rules -- Item Sets -- Association Rules -- Generating Rules Efficiently -- Linear Models -- Numeric Prediction: Linear Regression -- Linear Classification: Logistic Regression -- Linear Classification Using the Perceptron -- Linear Classification Using Winnow -- Instance-Based Learning -- Distance Function -- Finding Nearest Neighbors Efficiently -- Remarks -- Clustering -- Iterative Distance-Based Clustering -- Faster Distance Calculations -- Choosing the Number of Clusters -- Hierarchical Clustering -- Example of Hierarchical Clustering -- Incremental Clustering -- Category Utility -- Remarks -- Multi-instance Learning -- Aggregating the Input -- Aggregating the Output -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- WEKA Implementations -- Credibility: evaluating what's been learned -- Training and Testing -- Predicting Performance -- Cross-Validation -- Other Estimates -- Leave-One-Out -- Bootstrap -- Hyperparameter Selection -- Comparing Data Mining Schemes -- Predicting Probabilities -- Quadratic Loss Function -- Informational Loss Function -- Remarks -- Counting the Cost -- Cost-Sensitive Classification -- Cost-Sensitive Learning -- Lift Charts -- ROC Curves -- Recall-Precision Curves -- Remarks -- Cost Curves -- Evaluating Numeric Prediction -- MDL Principle -- Applying the MDL Principle to Clustering -- Using a Validation Set for Model Selection -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- Trees and rules -- Decision Trees -- Numeric Attributes -- Missing Values -- Pruning -- Estimating Error Rates -- Complexity of Decision Tree Induction -- From Trees to Rules -- C4.5: Choices and Options -- Cost-Complexity Pruning -- Discussion -- Classification Rules -- Criteria for Choosing Tests -- Missing Values, Numeric Attributes -- Generating Good Rules -- Using Global Optimization -- Obtaining Rules From Partial Decision Trees -- Rules With Exceptions -- Discussion -- Association Rules -- Building a Frequent Pattern Tree -- Finding Large Item Sets -- Discussion -- WEKA Implementations -- Extending instance-based and linear models -- Instance-Based Learning -- Reducing the Number of Exemplars -- Pruning Noisy Exemplars -- Weighting Attributes -- Generalizing Exemplars -- Distance Functions for Generalized Exemplars -- Generalized Distance Functions -- Discussion -- Extending Linear Models -- Maximum Margin Hyperplane -- Nonlinear Class Boundaries -- Support Vector Regression -- Kernel Ridge Regression -- Kernel Perceptron -- Multilayer Perceptrons -- Radial Basis Function Networks -- Stochastic Gradient Descent -- Discussion -- Numeric Prediction With Local Linear Models -- Model Trees -- Building the Tree -- Pruning the Tree -- Nominal Attributes -- Missing Values -- Pseudocode for Model Tree Induction -- Rules From Model Trees -- Locally Weighted Linear Regression -- Discussion -- WEKA Implementations -- Data transformations -- Attribute Selection -- Scheme-Independent Selection -- Searching the Attribute Space -- Scheme-Specific Selection -- Discretizing Numeric Attributes -- Unsupervised Discretization -- Entropy-Based Discretization -- Other Discretization Methods -- Entropy-Based Versus Error-Based Discretization -- Converting Discrete to Numeric Attributes -- Projections -- Principal Component Analysis -- Random Projections -- Partial Least Squares Regression -- Independent Component Analysis -- Linear Discriminant Analysis -- Quadratic Discriminant Analysis -- Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis -- Text to Attribute Vectors -- Time Series -- Sampling -- Reservoir Sampling -- Cleansing -- Improving Decision Trees -- Robust Regression -- Detecting Anomalies -- One-Class Learning -- Outlier Detection -- Generating Artificial Data -- Transforming Multiple Classes to Binary Ones -- Simple Methods -- Error-Correcting Output Codes -- Ensembles of Nested Dichotomies -- Calibrating Class Probabilities -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- WEKA Implementations -- Probabilistic methods -- Foundations -- Maximum Likelihood Estimation -- Maximum a Posteriori Parameter Estimation -- Bayesian Networks -- Making Predictions -- Learning Bayesian Networks -- Specific Algorithms -- Data Structures for Fast Learning -- Clustering and Probability Density Estimation -- Expectation Maximization Algorithm for a Mixture of Gaussians -- Extending the Mixture Model -- Clustering Using Prior Distributions -- Clustering With Correlated Attributes -- Kernel Density Estimation -- Comparing Parametric, Semiparametric and Nonparametric Density Models for Classification -- Hidden Variable Models -- Expected Log-Likelihoods and Expected Gradients -- Expectation Maximization Algorithm -- Applying the Expectation Maximization Algorithm to Bayesian Networks -- Bayesian Estimation and Prediction -- Probabilistic Inference Methods -- Graphical Models and Factor Graphs -- Graphical Models and Plate Notation -- Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis -- Latent Semantic Analysis -- Using Principal Component Analysis for Dimensionality Reduction -- Probabilistic LSA -- Latent Dirichlet Allocation -- Factor Graphs -- Markov Random Fields -- Computing Using the Sum-Product and Max-Product Algorithms -- Conditional Probability Models -- Linear and Polynomial Regression as Probability Models -- Using Priors on Parameters -- Multiclass Logistic Regression -- Gradient Descent and Second-Order Methods -- Generalized Linear Models -- Making Predictions for Ordered Classes -- Conditional Probabilistic Models Using Kernels -- Sequential and Temporal Models -- Markov Models and N-gram Methods -- Hidden Markov Models -- Conditional Random Fields -- Further Reading and Bibliographic Notes -- Software Packages and Implementations -- WEKA Implementations -- Deep learning -- Deep Feedforward Networks -- MNIST Evaluation -- Losses and Regularization -- Deep Layered Network Architecture -- Activation Functions -- Backpropagation Revisited -- Computation Graphs and Complex Network Structures -- Checking Backpropagation Implementations -- Training and Evaluating Deep Networks -- Early Stopping -- Validation, Cross-Validation, and Hyperparameter Tuning -- Mini-Batch-Based Stochastic Gradient Descent -- Pseudocode for Mini-Batch Based Stochastic Gradient Descent -- Learning Rates and Schedules -- Regularization With Priors on Parameters -- Dropout -- Batch Normalization -- Parameter Initialization -- Unsupervised Pretraining -- Data Augmentation and Synthetic Transformations -- Convolutional Neural Networks -- ImageNet Evaluation and Very Deep Convolutional Networks -- From Image Filtering to Learnable Convolutional Layers -- Convolutional Layers and Gradients -- Pooling and Subsampling Layers and Gradients -- Implementation -- Autoencoders -- Pretraining Deep Autoencoders With RBMs -- Denoising Autoencoders and Layerwise Training
Gas Turbine Engine Configurations -- Gas Turbine Engine Applications -- Comparison of gas turbine and diesel engines -- Power generation applications -- Industrial mechanical drive applications -- Automotive applications -- Marine applications -- Aircraft applications--propulsion requirements -- Shaft powered aircraft--turboprops and turboshafts -- Thrust propelled aircraft--turbofans, turbojets and ramjets -- Auxiliary power units (APUs) -- The Operational Envelope -- The environmental envelope -- Installation pressure losses -- The flight envelope -- Properties and Charts for Dry Air, Combustion Products and other Working Fluids -- Description of fundamental gas properties -- Description of key thermodynamic parameters -- Composition of dry air and combustion products -- The use of CP and gamma, or specific enthalpy and entropy, in calculations -- Data base for fundamental and thermodynamic gas properties -- Charts showing interrelationships of key thermodynamic parameters -- Dimensionless, Quasidimensionless, Referred and Scaling Parameter Groups -- The importance of parameter groups -- Tables of parameter groups and description -- Examples of applications -- Second-order effects--steady state performance -- Second-order effects--engine scaling -- Second-order effects--transient performance -- Why components and engines adhere to the parameter group relationships -- Gas Turbine Engine Components -- Axial compressors--design point performance and basic sizing -- Axial flow compressors--off design performance -- Centrifugal compressors--design point performance and basic sizing -- Centrifugal compressors--off design performance -- Fans--design point performance and basic sizing -- Fans--off design performance -- Combustors--design point performance and basic sizing -- Combustors--off design performance -- Axial flow turbines--design point performance and basic sizing guidelines -- Axial flow turbines--off design performance -- Radial turbines--design -- Radial turbines--off design performance -- Ducts--design -- Ducts--off design performance -- Air systems, turbine NGV and blade cooling--design point performance -- Air systems--off design performance -- Mechanical losses--design point performance and basic sizing -- Mechanical losses--off design performance -- Mixers--design point performance and basic sizing -- Mixers--off design performance -- Afterburners--design point performance and basic sizing -- Afterburners--off design performance -- Heat exchangers--design point performance and basic sizing -- Heat exchangers--off design performance -- Alternators--design point performance -- Alternators--off design performance -- Design Point Performance and Engine Concept Design -- Design point and off design performance calculations -- Design point performance parameters -- Design point calculation and diagram -- Linearly scaling components and engines -- Design point exchange rates -- Ground rules for generic design point diagrams -- Open shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates -- Combined heat and power: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates -- Closed cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates -- Aircraft engine shaft power cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates -- Aircraft engine thrust cycles: generic design point diagrams and exchange rates -- The engine concept design process -- Margins required when specifying target performance levels -- Off Design Performance -- Generic off design characteristics -- Off design performance modelling--methodology -- Off design performance modelling--flow diagrams and sample calculations -- Geometric variation: modelling and effects -- Engine scaling and different working fluids -- Off design matching: physical mechanisms -- Exchange rates -- Ratings and control -- Transient Performance -- The fundamental transient mechanism -- Transient performance manoeuvres -- Engine accel and decel requirements -- Transient performance phenomena -- Operability concerns -- Surge, rotating stall and locked stall--the events and their detection -- Surge margin requirements and the surge margin stack up -- Parameter groups and transient performance -- Scaling parameter groups and transient performance -- Control strategies during transient manoeuvres -- Transient performance and control models -- Starting -- The fundamental starting process -- Start processes for major engine types and applications -- Engine start requirements -- The impact of ambient temperature and pressure -- Operability issues -- Starting and parameter groups -- Control strategies during start manoeuvres -- Starter system variants and selection -- Start and control models -- Windmilling -- Turbojet windmilling -- Turbofan windmilling -- Turboprop windmilling -- Industrial engine windmilling -- Marine engine windmilling -- The effect of ambient conditions -- Scaling an engine -- Windmill testing -- Windmill computer modelling -- Engine Performance Testing -- Types of engine test bed -- Measurements and instrumentation -- Test bed calibration -- Steady state development testing -- Transient development testing -- Application testing -- Production pass off -- Test data analysis -- The Effects of Water--Liquid, Steam and Ice -- Gas properties -- Humidity -- Water injection -- Steam injection -- Condensation -- Rain and ice ingestion -- The thermodynamics of water -- Gas turbine performance modelling and test data analysis -- Fuel and Oil Properties and their Impact -- The combustion process and gas turbine fuel types -- Data base of key fuel properties for performance calculations -- Synthesis exchange rates for primary fuel types -- Oil types and data base of key properties -- Performance of In-Service Products -- Instrumentation and test data analysis -- Traditional in-service performance issues -- Unit health monitoring -- Other services -- Performance and the Economics of Gas Turbine Engines -- The business case for a gas turbine project -- Coupling the business case to the performance model -- Operational planning using in-service models -- Business case exchange rates -- Product development exchange rates -- Station Numbering and Nomenclature -- International station numbering and nomenclature standards -- ARP 755A station numbering -- Customer deck requirements -- Unit Conversions -- Acceleration -- Area -- Density -- Emissions (approx.) -- Energy -- Force -- Fuel consumption -- Length -- Mass -- Moment of inertia -- Momentum--angular -- Momentum--linear -- Power -- Pressure -- Specific energy -- Specific fuel consumption (SFC) -- Specific heat -- Specific thrust -- Stress -- Temperature -- Thermal Efficiency -- Torque -- Velocity--angular -- Velocity--linear -- Viscosity--dynamic -- Viscosity--kinematic.
Data, Statistics, and Modeling -- Watershed Changes -- Effect on Flood Record -- Watershed Change and Frequency Analysis -- Detection of Nonhomogeneity -- Modeling of Nonhomogeneity -- Introduction to Time Series Modeling -- Components of a Time Series -- Secular Trends -- Periodic and Cyclical Variations -- Episodic Variation -- Random Variation -- Moving-Average Filtering -- Autocorrelation Analysis -- Cross-Correlation Analysis -- Identification of Random Components -- Autoregression and Cross-Regression Models -- Deterministic Component -- Stochastic Element -- Cross-Regression Models -- Statistical Hypothesis Testing -- Procedure for Testing Hypotheses -- Step 1: Formulation of Hypotheses -- Step 2: Test Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution -- Step 3: Level of Significance -- Step 4: Data Analysis -- Step 5: Region of Rejection -- Step 6: Select Appropriate Hypothesis -- Relationships among Hypothesis Test Parameters -- Parametric and Nonparametric Tests -- Disadvantages of Nonparametric Tests -- Advantages of Nonparametric Tests -- Outlier Detection -- Chauvenet's Method -- Dixon-Thompson Test -- Rosner's Outlier Test -- Log-Pearson Type III Outlier Detection: Bulletin 17b -- Pearson Type III Outlier Detection -- Statistical Frequency Analysis -- Frequency Analysis and Synthesis -- Population versus Sample -- Analysis versus Synthesis -- Probability Paper -- Mathematical Model -- Procedure -- Sample Moments -- Plotting Position Formulas -- Return Period -- Population Models -- Normal Distribution.
Beyond ANOVA -- Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) -- Worked example of a one-way ANOVA with a single covariate -- Data screening -- ANCOVA using more than one covariate -- Worked example of ANCOVA with more than one covariate -- Two examples of ANCOVA from the psychological literature -- Alternatives to ANCOVA -- Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) -- Data screening -- Worked example of a 3 x 2 MANOVA with three dependent variables and three covariates -- MANOVA with one IV and three DVs -- Univariate tests of significance -- Post hoc and a priori comparisons -- MANOVA with two IVs and three DVs -- MANCOVA with one IV, three DVs and three covariates -- Split-plot 3 x 2 MANOVA with three dependent measures -- Two examples of MANOVA from the psychological literature -- Discriminant function analysis -- Questions to be answered by discriminant function analysis -- A worked example of discriminant function analysis -- Testing significance -- Interpreting the functions -- Classification analysis -- Other features of discriminant function analysis -- Example of discriminant function analysis from the psychological literature -- Measures of relationship: regression techniques -- Multiple regression -- Partial correlation -- The multiple regression equation -- Different types of regression model -- Data screening -- Worked example of hierarchical multiple regression -- Performing the analysis using computer software -- Interpreting the output -- Model validation -- An example of multiple regression from the literature.
Calladine's Contribution -- Some Thoughts on Research / Publications / Structural Mechanics -- Collapse Behavior of Expandable Slotted Tubes / Laws of Evolution of Cracks in Plates in Terms of Stress Resultants / Nesting Surfaces and Constitutive Laws for the Inelastic Behaviour of Composite Materials / On the Rotation Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements / The Topology of Cellular Structures / Symmetry Analysis of the Double Banana and Related Indeterminate Structures / Large Deflections of a Cantilever / Rose Windows / Joining of Metal Matrix Composites / Utilising Tension in Lightweight Structures / Elastic Minimum-Weight Design: an Encounter with Alan Turing / Engineering and Education / Prediction of Buckling Load from Vibration Measurements / Non-Collinearly Loaded Laminae / Linear Matching Methods for Shakedown Analysis / Analysis of Coiled Piezoelectric Structures / Frictional Impact in Mechanisms / Rigidity and Stability of Prestressed Infinitesimal Mechanisms / Amplitude of Wrinkles in Thin Membranes / Shell Structures.
Circuits -- Introduction / Passive Components Resistors / Capacitors and Inductors / Transformers / Electrical Fuses / Voltage and Current Sources Step, Impulse, Ramp, Sinusoidal, Exponential, and DC Signals / Ideal and Practical Sources / Controlled Sources / Linear Circuit Analysis -- Voltage and Current Laws / Node and Mesh Analysis / Network Theorems / Power and Energy / Three-Phase Circuits / Graph Theory / Two-Port Parameters and Transformations / Passive Signal Processing / Nonlinear Circuits Diodes and Rectifiers / Limiters / Distortion / Laplace Transform Definitions and Properties / Applications / State Variables: Concept and Formulation / The z-Transform / T-P Equivalent Networks / Transfer Functions of Filters / Frequency Response / Stability Analysis / Computer Software for Circuit Analysis and Design Analog Circuit Simulation / Parameter Extraction for Analog Circuit Simulation / Signal Processing -- Introduction / Digital Signal Processing -- Fourier Transforms / Fourier Transforms and the Fast Fourier Transform / Design and Implementation of Digital Filters / Signal Restoration / Speech Signal Processing Coding, Transmission, and Storage / Speech Enhancement and Noise Reduction / Analysis and Synthesis / Speech Recognition / Spectral Estimation and Modeling -- Spectral Analysis / Parameter Estimation / Multidimensional Signal Processing -- Digital Image Processing / Video Signal Processing / Sensor Array Processing / VLSI for Signal Processing Special Architectures / Signal Processing Chips and Applications / Acoustic Signal Processing -- Digital Signal Processing in Audio and Electroacoustics / Underwater Acoustical Signal Processing / Artificial Neural Networks / Computing Environments for Digital Signal Processing / Electronics -- Introduction / Semiconductors -- Physical Properties / Diodes / Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models and Device Simulators for Semiconductor Devices, Aiacha Elshabini-Riad, F.W. Stephenson / Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes / Testing / Electrical Characterization of Interconnections / Transistors -- Junction Field-Effect Transistors / Bipolar Transistors / The Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) / Integrated Circuits -- Integrated Circuit Technology / Layout, Placement, and Routing / Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, Stuart Tewksbury Surface Mount Technology / Operational Amplifiers -- Ideal and Practical Models / Applications / Amplifiers Large Signal Analysis / Small Signal Analysis, John Choma / Active Filters Synthesis of Low-Pass Forms / Realization / Generalized Impedance Convertors and Simulated Impedances / Power Electronics -- Power Semiconductor Devices / Power Conversion / Power Supplies / Converter Control of Machines / Lasers / Sources and Detectors / Circuits / D /A and A /D Converters / Thermal Management of Electronics / Digital and Analog Electronic Design Automation, Allen Dewey -- Electromagnetics -- Introduction / Electromagnetic Fields / Magnetism and Magnetic Fields -- Magnetism / Magnetic Recording / Wave Propagation -- Space Propagation / Waveguides / Antennas -- Wire / Aperture / Microstrip Antennas / Microwave Devices -- Passive Microwave Devices / Active Microwave Devices / Compatibility Grounding, Shielding, and Filtering / Spectrum, Specifications, and Measurement Techniques / Lightning / Radar -- Pulse Radar / Continuous Wave Radar / Lightwave -- Lightwave Waveguides / Optical Fibers and Cables / Solid State Circuits / Three-Dimensional Analysis / Computational Electromagnetics /
Essential atomic orbital theory -- Atomic orbitals for the hydrogen atom -- Radial distribution functions for the hydrogen atom -- Radial wave functions for many-electron atoms -- Slater-type orbitals -- Gaussian-type functions--the -- Scaling factors -- The (4s/2s) basis set, polarization and scaling factors for molecular environments -- Gaussian-lobe and other Gaussian basis sets -- Numerical integration -- Numerical integration -- Application of Simpson's rule to calculate a normalization integral -- Calculations of normalization constants over the angular coordinates -- Numerical integration in a cylindrical volume: diatomic and linear molecular geometries -- Calculation of the overlap integral between 1s orbitals in a Gaussian basis -- Designing Gaussian basis sets to model Slater orbitals -- Orthonormality -- Orthonormality in Slater orbital and basis set theory -- Orthonormality and Slater orbitals -- Orthonormality and Gaussian orbitals -- Orthonormality and double-zeta Slater orbitals -- Orthonormality and split-basis or double-zeta Gaussian basis sets -- The Jacobi transformation, diagonalization of a symmetric matrix and canonical orthogonalization -- The S[superscript -1/2] 'trick' -- Symmetric orthonormalization -- The hydrogen atom--numerical solutions -- Eigenvalue calculations for hydrogen based on analytical functions -- Calculations using Slater orbitals -- Calculations with Gaussian functions -- Calculations with split-basis [split-valence] sets -- Review of results for the 1s and 2s orbital energies in hydrogen.
A-G -- Ability tests -- Abstracts -- Acceptance sampling -- Achievement tests -- Active life expectancy -- Adaptive sampling design -- Adjective checklist -- Age norms -- Akaike information criterion -- Alcohol use inventory -- Alternate assessment -- Alternative hypothesis -- American doctoral dissertations -- American Psychological Association -- American Psychological Society -- American Statistical Association -- Americans with Disabilities Act -- Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) -- Analysis of variance (ANOVA) -- Anthropometry -- Applied research -- Aptitude tests -- Area chart -- Arithmetic mean -- Armed Forces Qualification Test -- Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery -- Artificial neural network -- Assessment of interactions in multiple regression -- Association for Psychological Science -- Asymmetry of g -- Attenuation, Correction for -- Attitude tests -- Attributable risk -- Attrition bias -- Audit trail -- Authenticity -- Autocorrelation -- Average -- Average deviation.