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List of entries -- Reader's guide -- About the editors -- Contributors -- Introduction -- Entries -- List of entries -- Reader's guide -- Entries -- Appendix : Entries related to specific drugs -- Index.
Chemical Dependency Counseling and Other Health Professions -- History of Chemical Dependency Counseling -- Early Figures and Movements -- Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve-Step Movement -- The Peer Counseling Movement and Professionalization -- Employee Assistance Programs -- Therapeutic Communities -- Professional Counseling and Chemical Dependency -- Education and Certification -- Employment Opportunities -- Psychoactive Drugs -- Psychoactive Drugs and the Nervous System -- Electrical and Chemical Events in Neurons -- How Psychoactive Drugs Affect Neurons and the Synapse -- Types of Neurotransmitters -- Depressants -- Alcohol -- Barbiturates And Other Sedative-Hypnotics -- Benzodiazepines -- Mechanisms of Action -- Opioids -- Morphine and Other Prescription Opioids -- Heroin -- Methadone -- Mechanisms of Action -- Stimulants -- Cocaine -- Amphetamines -- Mechanisms of Action -- Hallucinogens -- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide -- Phencyclidine -- Mechanisms of Action -- Cannabinoids -- Marijuana and Hashish -- Mechanisms of Action -- Inhalants -- Types of Inhalants -- Psychoactive Effects and Mechanisms of Action -- The Assessment of Chemical Dependency -- The Clinical Interview -- Underreporting of Drug Use -- Types of Interviews -- Interview Strategies -- Substance Abuse Assessment Instruments -- Screening Instruments -- Structured Interview Schedules -- Assessment of Motivation for Change -- Psychological Testing -- Characteristics of Psychological Tests -- Self-Report Inventories -- Projective Tests.
Washington, DC : American Psychological Association, [2015]
9781433818998
Telling a compelling story about drug prevention / Historical trends in drug prevention: what got us here? : Drug use prevention: definitions and terminology / history of drug abuse prevention science / Epidemiology and etiology: risk and protective factors : Trends in drug use among youth in the United States / Theoretical models of drug use etiology: foundations of prevention / Vulnerability and risks: implications for understanding etiology and drug use prevention / Prevention of conduct disorders : Preventing conduct disorders and related problems / Self-control and substance use prevention: a translational analysis Preventive intervention to reduce youth conduct problems and substance use: linking the interests of families and teachers (LIFT) / School-based drug use prevention programs : Evaluating the efficacy of Project TND: evidence from seven research trials / Life skills training: a competence enhancement approach to tobacco, alcohol, and drug abuse prevention / All stars: a conceptual history / Peer group connection: a peer-led program targeting the transition into high school / Family-based drug use prevention programs : population approach to parenting and family intervention / Self-control and substance use prevention: a translational analysis Brief strategic family therapy: thirty-five years of interplay among theory, research, and practice in adolescent behavior problems and drug abuse / Research on the strengthening families program for parents and youth ages 10-14: long-term effects, mechanisms, translation to public health, PROSPER partnerships scale up / Family-centered prevention of adolescent drug abuse: translational research in a public health framework / Prevention from an environmental and policy perspective : Lessons from comprehensive environmental community prevention trials / Alcohol policy: interventions to prevent youth alcohol use / Enacting preventive interventions at the community level: the Communities That Care Prevention System / Media campaigns and their impact : Survival of public health social marketing campaigns: lessons learned from tobacco / Message design approaches to health risk behavior prevention / media campaign as a focal prevention strategy: a guide to design, implementation, and evaluation / Evaluation of drug use prevention: modeling behavior change and program effects : Latent variable modeling as a tool in research on drug prevention / Cigarette smoking patterns as a case study of theory-oriented latent class analysis / Statistical models of mediation for drug program evaluationaar ;slational analysis Growth redefined in terms of preventing drug use and delinquency / Dissemination of best practices : Promoting the postfunding sustainability of evidence-based substance abuse interventions through research and practice / dissemination and (lack of) adoption of evidence-based practices / Dissemination of evidence-based prevention programs: the broad picture / Concluding remarks: The future is here now /
Drug addiction is a disease / Drug addiction is not a disease / Marijuana is a gateway drug / Marijuana use does not lead to harder drugs / The media may encourage drug abuse / The media's role in encouraging drug abuse is exaggerated / Adolescents and illicit drug use / Club drugs are harming more youths / Heroin use has increased / Hallucinogens are harmful / Playing with painkillers / Drug abuse among youths has not increased / There is no adolescent heroin crisis / There is no prescription drug abuse crisis / Drug addiction treatment is effective / Methadone treatment is an effective treatment for heroin addiction / Antidrug media campaigns reduce drug abuse / Needle-exchange programs reduce the harms of intravenous drug use / The effectiveness of drug treatment has not been proven / The DARE program has not been effective / Antidrug media campaigns should be reevaluated / Needle-exchange programs do not reduce the harms of intravenous drug use / Drug use should be legalized / Marijuana should be legalized / Drug use should be an individual choice / Legalizing drugs would not cause an increase in drug use / Harm reduction reduces the risks of drug use / Drug use should not be legalized / Marijuana should not be legalized / Harm reduction does not reduce the risks of drug use / The War on Drugs must be continued /
A Feeling of Importance -- Being Involved, Included, and "In" on Things -- Compassion -- The Law Enforcement Career as a Motivator -- Job Rotation -- Job Enlargement -- Job Enrichment -- Job Satisfaction and Community Policing and Problem Solving -- Benefits of Motivated Personnel -- Morale: An Overview -- Indicators of Morale Problems -- Reasons for Morale Problems -- Building Morale -- Promotions and Morale -- Assessment Centers -- Police/Family Programs -- Summary -- Challenge Eight -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Collaborating with Labor Management and Handling Complaints and Grievances -- Introduction -- Labor Laws and Unions -- Types of Law Enforcement Unions -- Reasons for Joining Law Enforcement Unions -- Collective Bargaining -- Key Contract Clauses -- Midterm. Bargaining -- Levels of Bargaining -- Management versus Employee Rights -- Management, Unions, and Politics -- Management and Unions Working Together -- Collective Bargaining, Arbitration, and the CEO -- Avoiding Conflict and Potential Lawsuits -- Labor-Management Relations in Policing: Looking to The Future and Finding Common Ground -- Complaints and Grievances -- Complaints -- External Complaints -- Internal Complaints -- Investigating and Resolving Complaints -- Internal Affairs Investigations -- Officers' Rights While under Investigation -- Civilian Review Boards -- Mediation -- Grievances -- Resolving Grievances -- Disposition of Complaints and Grievances -- Summary -- Challenge Nine -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Cited Cases -- Discipline and Problem Behaviors -- Introduction -- Discipline Defined -- Knowledge of Rules, Regulations, and Expected Behaviors -- Typical Rules and Regulations for Law Enforcement Departments -- Policies and Procedures -- Clarity of Role versus Creativity -- Dealing with Problem Employees -- Dealing with Difficult Personalities -- Dealing with Problem Behaviors -- Abuse of Sick Leave -- Substance Abuse -- Corruption -- Insubordination -- Sexual Harassment -- Use of Excessive Force -- Misconduct Off Duty -- Negative Discipline/Punishment -- Identifying the Problem Performer-Early Intervention Systems -- Determining Penalties -- Summary Punishment/Discipline -- Education-Based Discipline -- Guidelines for Administering Negative Discipline -- Steps in Administering Negative Discipline -- Appeal -- Legal Considerations -- Comprehensive Discipline -- The Balance of Consequences Analysis-Wilson Learning Corporation -- The PRICE Method -- One-Minute Managing -- The Stroke Approach -- A Fair Disciplinary System -- Summary -- Challenge Ten -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Cited Cases -- Stress and Related Hazards of the Job -- Introduction -- Stress Defined -- Sources of Stress -- Internal, Individual Stressors -- Stress Related to Police Work -- Administrative and Organizational Stressors -- External Stressors -- The Interplay of Stressors -- Law Enforcement Personnel with Additional Stressors -- Women Officers -- Minority Officers -- Rural and Small-Town Officers -- Investigators -- Managers/Supervisors -- Effects of Stress-An Overview -- Physical -- Psychological -- Behavioral -- Burnout -- Other Possible Major Effects of Stress -- Alcoholism and Substance Abuse -- Divorce -- Depression -- Suicide -- How Individual Officers Can Cope with Stress -- How the Organization Can Reduce Stress -- Testing and Selection -- Training -- Establishing and Supporting Fitness Standards -- Ongoing Psychological Support -- Programs to Prevent or Reduce Stress -- Peer Support Groups -- Critical Incident Stress Debriefing -- Chaplain Corps -- Wellness Programs -- The Critical Role of the Manager/Supervisor -- Summary -- Challenge Eleven -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Deploying Law Enforcement Resources and Improving Productivity -- Introduction -- Deploying Personnel -- Determining Staffing Needs -- Police Logs -- Shifts -- Proportionate Assignment -- The Response -- Response Time -- Differentiated Response -- Kinds of Patrol -- Random Preventive Patrol -- Directed Aggressive Patrol -- Methods of Patrol -- One-Officer versus Two-Officer Patrol Units -- Take-Home Patrol Cars -- Involving Citizens While Expanding the Law Enforcement Personnel Pool -- Citizen Police Academies -- Citizens on Patrol -- Reserves -- Volunteers -- Explorers -- Civilianization -- Deploying Resources to Fight Crime -- Mapping Crime -- The Crime Triangle -- Deploying Resources in Emergencies -- Pre-Disaster Plans -- Available Assistance -- Responding to an Emergency -- After the Emergency -- Cross-Trained Responders and an All-Hazards Approach -- Deploying Resources for Homeland Security -- Prevention of and Protection from Terrorist Attacks -- Best Practices in Homeland Security: An Overview -- Law Enforcement Productivity -- Measuring Law Enforcement Productivity -- Productivity Problems -- Improving Productivity -- Technology -- Leadership, Discipline, Motivation, and Morale Revisited -- Summary -- Challenge Twelve -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Budgeting and Managing Costs Creatively in the New Norm -- Introduction -- Budget Defined -- Purposes of Budgets -- Budget Categories -- Budgeting Systems -- Responsibility for Preparing the Budget -- The Budgeting Process -- Review of Last Year's Budget -- Determining Personnel Costs -- Prioritizing Cost Factors -- Communication and Budget Support -- Presenting the Budget for Approval -- Monitoring Spending -- Cutback Budgeting -- Causes of Cutback Budgeting -- Ways to Do More with Less -- Cutback Management Strategies -- Managing Costs Creatively -- Identifying Common Cost Problems -- Employee Cost Improvement Suggestion Programs -- Creative Ways to Reduce Costs -- Sharing Resources -- Cooperative Purchasing -- The Regional Approach or Consolidating Services -- Community Resource Centers -- Contracting -- The Quartermaster System -- Volunteers -- Privatization -- Increasing Revenue -- Fundraising -- Donations -- Charging for Services -- Asset Forfeiture -- Going Green -- Grants -- Other Sources of Funding -- Summary -- Challenge Thirteen -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Measuring Performance: Assessment and Evaluation -- Introduction -- Evaluation: An Overview -- Purposes of Evaluation -- Inspections -- Line Inspections -- Spot Inspections -- Staff Inspections -- Performance Appraisals -- Performance Criteria and Standards -- Instruments for Performance Appraisals -- Common Types of Performance Evaluations -- Evaluation of Managers and Supervisors by Subordinates -- Problems of Performance Appraisals -- Benefits of Performance Evaluation -- Consequences of Evaluation -- Performance Reviews -- Evaluating the Team -- Evaluating the Entire Department -- Evaluating Specific Departmental Efforts -- Measuring a Department's Level of Community Policing -- Recognizing Value in Policing -- Using Internal Surveys to Evaluate an Agency -- Accreditation -- Evaluating Citizen Satisfaction with Services -- Citizen Surveys -- Other Ways to Assess Community Perceptions -- Evaluation and Research -- Challenging the Status Quo -- Summary -- Challenge Fourteen -- Discussion Questions -- References -- Learning from the Past; Looking to the Future -- Introduction -- Megatrends-Looking Back and to the Future -- Law Enforcement for the Future -- A Basic Change in Needed Management Skills -- A Changing Law Enforcement Officer and Public to Be Served -- Trends Shaping the Future of Policing -- Increasing Reliance on Technology -- Changing Societal Values -- An Integrated Global Economy -- Growth of Militant Islam -- Redistribution of the World's Population -- Decline of Privacy -- Longer Life Expectancies -- Continuing Urbanization -- The Spread of Specialization -- A Vanishing Work Ethic -- Critical Issues in Policing -- The Impact of Technology, Now and In the Future -- Use of Force Issues -- Violent Crime -- The Drug Problem -- Gang Violence -- Terrorism and Homeland Security -- Patrol Response to a Suicide Bomb Threat -- Police Planning for an Influenza Pandemic -- Local Immigration Enforcement -- Futuristics -- Basic Principles of Futuristics -- Fundamental Premises and Goals -- The Futures Working Group -- Change Revisited -- The Boiled Frog Phenomenon -- Resistance to Change -- Acceptance of Change -- Summary -- Challenge Fifteen -- Discussion Questions -- References.
There is a prescription painkiller abuse epidemic / It is not clear whether there is a prescription painkiller abuse epidemic / Prescription drug abuse contributes to the widespread drugged driving problem / It is very difficult to determine the impact of prescription drugs on the drugged driving problem / "Pharm parties" are a threat to teen health and safety / "Pharm parties" are a myth / Mothers' abuse of their children's medications contributes to drug supply shortages /
Why consider opposing viewpoints? -- Introduction -- Is teen drug abuse a serious problem? -- Chapter preface -- Teen drug abuse is decreasing / extent of teen drug abuse has not changed significantly / Binge drinking among youths is a serious problem / Binge drinking is declining among youths / Teen marijuana use is a serious threat / Teen marijuana use is not a serious threat / Teens are abusing prescription drugs / Teen inhalant abuse is a serious problem / Youths are abusing over-the-counter drugs / Periodical bibliography -- What causes teen drug abuse? -- Chapter preface -- Addiction is a brain disease / Addiction is not a brain disease / Ritalin leads to drug abuse / Ritalin does not lead to drug abuse / Medical marijuana laws encourage teens to use cannibis [i.e. cannabis] / Medical marijuana laws do not encourage teens to use cannibis [i.e. cannabis] / Drug treatment leads to substance abuse / Drug treatment combats substance abuse / Periodical bibliography --
Why consider opposing viewpoints? -- Introduction -- Is teen drug abuse a serious problem? -- Chapter preface -- Teen drug abuse is decreasing / extent of teen drug abuse has not changed significantly / Binge drinking among youths is a serious problem / Binge drinking is declining among youths / Teen marijuana use is a serious threat / Teen marijuana use is not a serious threat / Teens are abusing prescription drugs / Teen inhalant abuse is a serious problem / Youths are abusing over-the-counter drugs / Periodical bibliography -- What causes teen drug abuse? -- Chapter preface -- Addiction is a brain disease / Addiction is not a brain disease / Ritalin leads to drug abuse / Ritalin does not lead to drug abuse / Medical marijuana laws encourage teens to use cannibis [i.e. cannabis] / Medical marijuana laws do not encourage teens to use cannibis [i.e. cannabis] / Drug treatment leads to substance abuse / Drug treatment combats substance abuse / Periodical bibliography --
