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Foreword / Preface / Uncertainties of Global Biogeochemical Predictions / The IGBP Transect Approach -- The Patagonian Transect -- The Australian Transect -- The European Transect -- Variability in Processes -- Biome Approach and Functional Types -- New Approaches to Functional Diversity -- Uncertainties of Global Climate Predictions / Observational Evidence -- Physical Rationale -- Stochastic Forcing -- Solar irradiation Changes -- Volcanic Effects -- Anthropogenic Effects -- Response to Forcing of the Climate System -- Results from Climate Change Prediction Experiments -- Uncertainties in the Atmospheric Chemical System / Synthetic View of Chemical Processes in the Troposphere -- The Images Model -- Changes in the Chemical Composition of the Global Troposphere -- Inferring Biogeochemical Sources and Sinks from Atmospheric Concentrations: General Consideration and Applications in Vegetation Canopies / Scalar and Isotopic Molar Balances -- Single-Point Eulerian Equations -- Source Terms for CO[subscript 2] -- Single-Point Lagrangian Equations -- Inverse Methods for Inferring Scalar Sources and Sinks in Canopies -- Localized Near Field Theory -- The Dispersion Matrix -- Turbulent Velocity Field -- Solutions for Forward, Inverse and Implicit Problems -- Field Tests -- Inverse Methods and Isotopes in Canopies -- Path Integrals and Keeling Plots.
Smart energy -- smart grid research and projects overview / Smart Grid -- Introduction -- Smart metering and data privacy -- Smart grid communications, networking and security -- Smart grid modelling, control and optimization -- Smart grid research: mapping of ongoing activities -- Europe -- United States of America -- Asia-Pacific -- Smart grid research in Europe: what comes next? -- SmarterEMC2 project -- Stakeholders involved in SmarterEMC2 -- Conceptual architecture of the SmarterEMC2 ICT ecosystem -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Smart metering -- Privacy-preserving data aggregation in smart metering systems / Introduction -- Definitions -- List of acronyms -- List of symbols -- Background -- State-of-the-art protocols -- Homomorphic encryption -- Commitments -- Symmetric DC-Net (SDC-Net) -- Asymmetric DC-Net (ADC-Net) -- improved ADC-Net -- Comparison with related work -- Privacy -- Communication -- Processing time -- Techniques -- Simulations -- Real-world data set -- Software and hardware -- Simulation parameters -- Simulation results -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Bibliography -- Smart price-based scheduling of flexible residential appliances / Nomenclature -- Introduction -- Context -- emerging challenges for low-carbon electrical power systems -- Role of residential demand in addressing emerging challenges -- Challenges in scheduling residential appliances -- Overview of alternative approaches for smart scheduling of residential appliances -- Modelling operation and price response of flexible residential appliances -- Appliances with continuously adjustable power levels -- EV with smart charging capability -- Appliances with shiftable cycles -- WA with delay functionality -- Measures against demand response concentration -- Flexibility restriction -- Non-linear pricing -- Randomised pricing -- Tuning the parameters of smart measures -- Case studies -- Scheduling of flexible residential appliances in electricity markets -- Scheduling of flexible residential appliances for management of local distribution networks -- Conclusions and future work -- Bibliography -- Smart tariffs for demand response from smart metering platform / Introduction -- Electricity tariff review -- Current energy tariff products -- Variable electricity tariffs -- Variable ToU tariff design -- Introduction -- Rationale of proposed tariff design -- ToU tariff design by equal interval grouping -- ToU tariff development by hierarchical clustering -- Results and discussion -- Results of RTP tariffs -- ToU tariffs by equal interval grouping -- ToU tariffs by hierarchical clustering -- Impact analysis of ToU tariffs -- Flexible load modelling -- Impact analysis of designed ToU tariffs -- Benefit quantification -- Cooperation with energy storage -- Case study -- Impact of networks on tariff design -- Quantification of DSR on network investment -- Tariff design in response to network conditions -- Discussion and conclusion -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Smart grid modeling, control and optimization -- Decentralized models for real-time renewable integration in future grid / Introduction to future smart grid -- Hybrid model of centralized resource management and decentralized grid control -- Centralized resource management -- Decentralized grid control -- Graph modeling -- Maximizing real-time renewable integration -- General decentralized approaches -- Distributed nodal approach -- Initialize -- Send -- Receive -- Compare -- Optimize -- Notify -- Confirm -- StandBy -- Distributed clustering approach -- Tie-set graph theory and its application to distributed systems -- Tie-set Based Optimization Algorithm -- Case study of decentralized grid control -- Simulation and experiments -- Energy stimulus response -- Convergence with different renewable penetration rates -- Comparison of TBO and DLP -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Distributed and decentralized control in future power systems / Introduction -- look into current power systems control -- Identifying the role of distributed methods -- Distributed optimization definitions and scope -- Distributed optimization fundamentals -- Simple price-based decomposition -- From optimization to control using prices -- Making prices work -- Decomposition methods -- Improving price-updates -- Decomposing an augmented Lagrangian -- Proximal decomposition methods -- Optimality Condition Decomposition -- On other distributed methods -- OPF insights -- Decomposition structure considerations -- Practical application considerations -- UC time frame -- ED time frame -- Closer to real time -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Multiobjective optimization for smart grid system design / Introduction -- Problem formulation -- Model of MOP -- Design examples -- Solution methods -- Numerical results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Frequency regulation of smart grid via dynamic demand control and battery energy storage system / Introduction -- Dynamic model of smart grid for frequency regulation -- Structure of frequency regulation -- Wind farm with variable-speed wind turbines -- Battery energy storage system -- Plug-in electric vehicles -- Controllable air conditioner based DDC -- State-space model of closed-loop LFC scheme -- Delay-dependent stability analysis -- Delay-dependent stability criterion -- Delay margin calculation -- Delay-dependent robust controller design -- Delay-dependent performance analysis -- Controller gain tuning based on the PSO algorithm -- Case studies -- Robust controller design -- Contribution of the DDC, BESS, and PEV to frequency regulation -- Robustness against to load disturbances -- Robustness against to parameters uncertainties -- Robustness against to time delays -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Distributed frequency control and demand-side management /
[Oak Ridge, Tenn.] : Division of Technical Information, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission : [Available from Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va.], 1970.
KEY CONCEPTS OF DIRECT OBSERVATION -- The Role of Direct Observation in School-Based Settings -- History of Direct Observation in School-Based Assessment -- Advantages of Direct Observation in School-Based Assessment -- Directness of Assessment -- Flexibility -- Understanding Contextual Variables -- Provides Link to Intervention -- Uses of Direct Observation in School-Based Assessment -- Diagnostic and Eligibility Assessment -- Assessment within a Problem-Solving Model -- Use of Direct Observation across Assessment Purposes -- Conclusions -- Foundations of Direct Observation -- Why Is the Observational Assessment Being Conducted? -- What Are the Targets of Assessment? -- Judging the Appropriateness of Observation -- Judging the Utility of Targets for Problem Solving or Classification Decisions -- How Will Target Behaviors Be Recorded? -- Anecdotal Observation -- Systematic Direct Observation -- Where and When Will Target Behaviors Be Recorded? -- Using Anecdotal Data to Inform Systematic Direct Observation -- Conclusions -- Obtaining Trustworthy Results from Observation -- The Basic Principles of Psychological Measurement Evaluating Assessment Instruments -- Accuracy -- Reliability -- Validity -- Conclusions -- Improving Data Quality: Suggested Guidelines for Training Observers and Conducting Observations -- Considerations in Preparing to Conduct Observations -- Considerations in Training Observers -- Clarification of Target Behaviors and Scoring Procedures -- Initial Criterion Check -- Analogue Observation -- Considerations in Conducting Observations -- Preparing to Conduct an Observation -- Entering the Observation Setting -- Providing Retraining and Recalibration -- Assessing the Quality of Observation Data -- Smaller/Larger Index -- Percentage Agreement -- Kappa Coefficient -- Guidelines for Interpreting Reliability Estimates -- Conclusions -- USE OF SPECIFIC OBSERVATION CODES -- Conducting Observations in Classroom Settings -- Review of Individual-Level Observation Codes for Classroom Settings -- ADHD School Observation Code -- Behavior Assessment System for Children -- Third Edition: Student Observation System -- Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools -- Revised Edition of the School Observation Coding System -- Systematic Screening of Behavior Disorders -- Second Edition: Academic Engaged Time -- Conclusions -- Code Overview: ADHD School Observation Code (ADHD-SOC) -- Classroom Version -- Code Overview: Behavior Assessment System for Children -- Third Edition: Student Observation System (BASC-3 SOS) -- Code Overview: Behavioral Observation of Students in Schools (BOSS) -- Code Overview: Revised Edition of the School Observation Coding System (REDSOCS) -- Code Overview: Systematic Screening of Behavior Disorders -- Second Edition: Academic Engaged Time (SSBD-2 AET) -- Observing the Classroom Environment -- Review of Observation Codes for Classroom Environments -- Classroom Learning Assessment Scoring System -- Instructional and Caring Contacts -- Conclusions -- Code Overview: Classroom Learning Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) -- Pre-Kindergarten and Elementary Versions -- Code Overview: Classroom Learning Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) -- Upper Elementary and Secondary Versions -- Code Overview: Instructional and Caring Contacts (ICC) -- Extending Observations to Non-Classroom Settings -- Review of Individual-Level Observation Codes for Non-Classroom Settings -- ADHD School Observation Code -- Systematic Screening of Behavior Disorders -- Second Edition: Peer Social Behavior -- Early Screening Project -- Social Behavior Observation -- Group-Level Observation Codes for Non-Classroom Settings -- Conclusions -- Code Overview: ADHD School Observation Code (ADHD-SOQ -- Lunchroom and Playground Version -- Code Overview: Systematic Screening of Behavior Disorders -- Second Edition: Peer Social Behavior (SSBD-2 PSB) -- Code Overview: Early Screening Project -- Social Behavior Observation (ESP-SBO) -- Using Observation to Support Functional Assessment -- Overview of Key Terms -- Goals of FBA -- Functional Observation Methods -- Scatterplots -- Narrative Real-Time Observations -- Event-Based Observation Forms -- Interval Recording -- Case Example -- Conclusions -- Thinking Outside of the Box: Creating a Novel or Hybrid Coding Scheme -- Adapting Extant Codes -- Modification of Assessment Targets -- Modifications to Methods and Procedures -- Combining Extant Codes -- Caveats to Modifying or Combining Extant Codes -- Creating a New Code -- Developing Operational Definitions -- Designing Appropriate Methods and Procedures for Quantifying Behaviors -- Taking Your Code for a Test Drive -- Conclusions -- USING ASSESSMENT DATA TO INFORM DECISION MAKING AND INTERVENTION -- Interpreting and Sharing Observation Results -- Ensuring Adequate Data Collection -- Summarizing and Analyzing Observation Findings -- Summarizing Data -- Analyzing and Interpreting Systematic Direct Observation Data -- Incorporating Observation Data into Psychoeducational Reports -- Describing the Assessment Procedure -- Providing Contextual Information -- Presenting Results -- Conclusions -- APPENDICES -- Measurement Standards Used in Evaluating Systematic Observation Codes -- Glossary of Operational Definitions -- Reproducible Coding Forms.
The Basis for Remediation Process Design and Cost Estimating -- The Importance of Cost Analysis -- Natural Attenuation -- Selecting Among Competing Remediation Methods -- Listing the process options -- Comparing process options -- Defining and evaluating alternative treatment trains -- The Approach to Process Design and Cost Estimating -- Process and Conceptual Design of Remediation Systems -- Feasibility Studies and Work Plans -- Feasibility Study Alternatives -- Work Plans, Corrective Action Plans, Remedial Action Plans -- Informal Studies, CERCLA Studies And Records Of Decision, RCRA Studies -- The Observational Approach -- Treatability Studies -- Process Flow Diagram -- Main Parameters and Mass Balance -- Energy Balance -- Sizing and Rating of Equipment -- Site Plan and Preliminary Plot Plan -- PandID and Sequence of Operations -- PandID Development -- Pressure Instrumentation -- Liquid Level Instrumentation -- Temperature Instrumentation -- Flow Instrumentation -- Analysis Instrumentation -- Sequence of Operations Development -- Logic Diagrams -- Computerized Controls and Process Monitoring -- Computer Functions -- Adapting Computers -- Data Manipulation -- Adapting Computers to On/Off Control Function -- Graphic Displays -- Automatic Restart, Supervisory Control, and Combination Systems -- Remote Monitoring -- Computer-Based Systems -- Phone Dialers -- Computer/Fax -- Design Basis, Tradeoff Analysis, and Preliminary Specifications -- Preliminary Specifications -- Conceptual Design Report -- Metals Removal from Groundwater.
Introduction to the .NET Framework -- Why Should Access Developers Learn Visual Basic .NET? -- Catching the Next Generation Wave -- Learning Consistent Tools -- Exposing Access Databases Over the Web -- Exposing Access Databases via XML Web Services -- Elements of the .NET Framework -- Common Language Runtime -- Running Source Code -- Assemblies -- Selected .NET Programming Innovations -- Namespaces -- Object Orientation -- Exception Handling -- Visual Basic .NET Data Processing Capabilities -- Why Move to ADO.NET? -- ADO.NET Data Providers -- ADO.NET Architecture -- Using Visual Basic .NET with Visual Studio .NET -- Getting Started with Visual Studio .NET -- Configuring Visual Studio .NET for Visual Basic .NET -- Using the Start Page -- Introducing Three Important IDE Windows -- Overview of Project Types and Project Folders -- Summary of Project Types -- Starting a Windows Application -- Adding a Message Box to a Windows Application -- Creating and Consuming a Class Library Project -- Selected New and Different Visual Basic .NET Topics -- Data Types -- Arrays -- New Keyword and Sub Procedures -- Opening and Closing Class References -- Class Inheritance -- Namespaces -- Jump Start: A DataGrid Sample for the Northwind Shippers Table -- Building the Jump Start Example -- Demonstrating the Jump Start Example -- Visual Basic .NET Fundamentals -- Visual Basic .NET, Access, and System Data Types -- Visual Basic .NET Data Type Summary -- Visual Basic .NET Data Types vs. Access Data Types -- Value Type Objects vs. Reference Type Objects.
The global carbon cycle : integrating humans, climate, and the natural world / Current status and past trends of the global carbon cycle / The vulnerability of the carbon cycle in the 21st century : an assessment of carbon-climate-human interactions / Scenarios, targets, gaps, and costs / A portfolio of carbon management options / Interactions between CO₂?stabilization pathways and requirements for a sustainable Earth system / A paleo-perspective on changes in atmospheric CO₂?and climate / Spatial and temporal distribution of sources and sinks of carbon dioxide / Non-CO₂?greenhouse gases / Climate-carbon cycle interactions / Socioeconomic driving forces of emissions scenarios / Natural processes regulating the ocean uptake of CO₂?/ Variability and climate feedback mechanisms in ocean uptake of CO₂?/ A primer on the terrestrial carbon cycle : what we don't know but should / Geographic and temporal variation of carbon exchange by ecosystems and their sensitivity to environmental perturbations / Current consequences of past actions : how to separate direct from indirect / Pathways of atmospheric CO₂?through fluvial systems / Exchanges of carbon in the coastal seas / Pathways of regional development and the carbon cycle / Social change and CO₂?stabilization : moving away from carbon cultures / Carbon transport through international commerce / Near- and long-term climate change mitigation potential / Unanticipated consequences : thinking about ancillary benefits and costs of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation / International policy framework on climate change : sinks in recent international agreements / A multi-gas approach to climate policy / Storage of carbon dioxide by greening the oceans? / Direct injection of CO₂?in the ocean / Abatement of nitrous oxide, methane, and the other non-CO₂?greenhouse gases : the need for a systems approach /
