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1. Effects of transportation, relocation, and acclimation on phenotypes and functional... 2017

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Rb9MwELZY98ILYoBYRykWQoJJpG3iJI4f24iyARMRKxPjJXIde6vUJlXTPuwP8Tu5c5JqQXtCra5NfK2uvvP5zj1_JuSd0YpDnKEdI6WGBEULR0gI5OZuJDIBSfbIou3fW8whQbMXxhbtq_likC9Xg3xxa2sr1ys1bOrEhslFHHAGcX80PCAHnPlNil65XxjAYVjvkWPcHdYqGayLXA9GbhSFAs_i8QSkDqGIWtORRe3f--bOelmUDwWe_9ZP3puQpk_JkzqSpONK4iPySOfPyFE9Vkv6oQaUPn1O_lQQxSUtDN02YOZWIx_pRuNsVr2XeUalUstFtZ2RwhMrwApcpi1tK86C1eIhVW2kZ_xuBE22KAVLauvh6fIObKVQdxDO0kVON7e63JUUDB88B0h4IRU86ApPENvK0xfk5_TTLD5z6vMZHMU9f-soD9xdlHmQ8QnFDOM69IzM5hHTBmEKjZj7EULcuTaKk0wrY6QbZpknQ0g12TGhMD3qQBjDpGT-KAMmAV7BCyRELhKuusRp9JOuK_yN1P4JxyFvqTo6RdWmtWq7ZIJK3PMiera9UWxu0tqGUpAuCrjyjK-Uz_gIRdVGcl9kkYIcqkveoAmk1VbUvQ9IxwjF4zEQtEveWg5E0MixROdG7soyPf9-1WJ6XzOZArSLXWp3PIC4CLrV4uy1OGGIq1bzMdpi84PL1BXoZxnj0D-9xj4fbn5Zmeq-QxrD7xLeMuJWj7VbYBha3PF62J389ydfkcceRkWu57iiRzrbzU6_Jh3crNKHofzjCunsM9Jf3NIJ0Ch2--RwPPkST_F1FieXfbt0AnSafIN7Z_H59DdcfZ0M-li8m1iKXEkA9w-T6_jyum_dxF_xcGFs

   Nehete, Pramod N; Shelton, Kathryn A; Nehete, Bharti P; Chitta, Sriram...

   Plo S One, Vol. 12, Issue 12.

   Nonhuman primates from domestic sources constitute a small, but critical, proportion of animals studied in research laboratories. Many of these nonhuman primates are raised at one facility and subs... Read more

   Nonhuman primates from domestic sources constitute a small, but critical, proportion of animals studied in research laboratories. Many of these nonhuman primates are raised at one facility and subsequently transported/relocated to another facility for research purposes. We examined the effects of transport, relocation, and acclimation on the phenotype and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a group of rhesus monkeys that were transported by road for approximately 21 hours from one facility to another. Using a panel of human antibodies and a set of standardized human immune assays, we evaluated the phenotype of lymphocyte subsets by flow, mitogen-specific immune responses of PBMCs in vitro, and levels of circulating cytokines and cortisol in plasma at various time points including immediately before transport, immediately upon arrival, and after approximately 30 days of acclimation. Analyses of blood samples revealed that CD3+ T-cell and CD20+ B-cell populations had decreased significantly immediately after relocation but had recovered within 30 days after arrival at the new facility. Similarly, circulating cortisol and cytokine levels in plasma were significantly higher immediately after relocation; and by the 30-day time point, these differences were no longer significant. However, immune assays of PBMCs indicated that mitogen-specific responses for proliferation, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and perforin were significantly higher after relocation and 30 days of acclimation. These findings have implications on the research participation of transported and relocated nonhuman primates in immunologic research studies, suggesting that 30 days is not sufficient to ensure return to baseline immune homeostasis. These data should be considered when planning research studies in order to minimize potential confounding factors associated with relocation and to maximize study validity. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

2. Rearing condition may alter neonatal development of captive Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri... 2020

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Nb9MwFLeg06RxQFAQK18yiMNQlS6xmzk-FigfEuIwBgcukdPaWqSunVrGtCP_Oe_5q646pCEukRtHlpv3y_P78s-EvDJ6IsDO0JlRSoODomUmFRhyTVHJqQQnO7ds-2kw53fYC3NtFfvhf4sW7oFwcavsP4g3Dgo3oA1ChiuIGa43EvQxYNXtnMXsM0rzTF31bRa8P9cYHMc8zLo2yBaSq3NbMvRmMWt_4Se-woLgpZ71YdrwWdtQ7FfVnrXLtt_Yh7DQfZW2QwzBW7ZJ9VHc3OUZntZCnZ0i7PxBxrYIFbTK4LrYz2d16fhvx7F71LiiIceHgLM-HqRBC_BQixi08Iq4YBmYgi4lo53uRWpT8Ig2lPMRS0AoEk0rc5ks2tLp3a31wPHLwjsegGY-yteLXixFfDf-brtukx0mpGQdsjMaf_rwJaaiwF90xKt-xoGeKmeHcdxNo2bLU9kuuI2OEPOWzMk9cte7IHTkoHSf3NLzLtl1h5JedcmdhKKyS_biCglduz8WtvWAXHrU0Yg6CqijFnU0oI4mqKMLQz3qaEAdDaijHnX0wGOOJjhL268fkm_vxydvP2b-DI9sAqZhnpU5b1gxYcVUYwWW5kIIXXEjmW6aRgyriS7LyphKF3gIjKgqoypeKDMswbAE23yfUDChdCmN4UrxYT6ViktYOVipwLpV8KtHXoa3X587jpbasXGzGv5obUXUIy-CXGrQoJgWU_A6LlY1bhYvMV8NAz1ycorDcJYLpGvqEbEhwfgAsrNv9szbU8vSjqY5FzDmgZX132dWBwg-vvmjT8je-rN6Sjo_lxf6GemgwnzuAfwHdEHA2A

   Mulholland, Michele M.; Williams, Lawrence E.; Abee, Christian R.

   Developmental Psychobiology, Vol. 62, Issue 7, pp. 909 - 919.

   Nursery rearing has well‐known consequences for primate species. Relative to some other primate species, research has indicated a reduced impact of nursery rearing on squirrel monkeys, particularly... Read more

   Nursery rearing has well‐known consequences for primate species. Relative to some other primate species, research has indicated a reduced impact of nursery rearing on squirrel monkeys, particularly in terms of rates, severity, and persistence of abnormal behavior. We administered the Primate Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment to 29 dam‐reared and 13 nursery‐reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Mixed‐model ANOVAs comparing composite scores and individual assessment items across age, rearing status, and sex revealed a number of developmental differences. Dam‐reared infants scored higher on all four composite measures compared to nursery‐reared infants (p < .05) indicating that nursery‐reared animals had slower motor development, were less active and attentive, and were more passive than their dam‐reared counterparts. Consistent with infant rhesus macaques, nursery‐reared squirrel monkeys showed an increased sensitivity to tactile stimulation (p < .05). Altogether, these results suggest a disruption of species‐typical development when squirrel monkey infants are reared in a nursery setting, with activity, orientation, and state control areas most affected, though experimental research is needed to determine if this is a causal relationship. Contrary to previous behavioral research, there are likely developmental differences between dam‐reared infant squirrel monkeys and those reared in a nursery setting. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

3. Cellular immune responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Giardia infected squirrel monkey... 2018

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Nb5tAEF01zqWXqmmrxmnqbqsekgM2sHzt0UYlST9UVLtR0wtaliVFwmCZ-JD-k_7bzixg2VVOvawNDNaamdl9A28fhLzPlfQBZygjF0JBgaK4wQUAudQKeMahyDa12v7OzRzi9mthNGlfpsW4KpfjqviluZWrpZz0PLFJ_CX0ADNYUMkfkAOfOX2J3g6_kMCe162RY7416VwyXtWVGgOeCRyOL95jqDPlohjkznSkVfu3Y_NgVdbNQ8DzX_5kqy6lJ6ToKXnSIUk6bXt8RB6p6hk56nK1oWedoPT5c_InVGWJdFNa4GoQRdctMRasioqi1LHWFiipZrHT8h48XMt7AKG0zulFoYOItrQtldEGycNrVVKIYBgC6NlcFMtiXdC0LguYZqumaHa_n1PNZocz8aYvjZBTVmXid12qF-R79GERXhrdKxkM6XLrzkAZW08KzxbSCgSMBoC34HpLKLPM1GapSCXLRG76HhZ6gKYcO7MykclAunbKBDsmFGZE5fI8Z0Iwx8y4YBwGAtsVAFYEbA2J0bskWbWSG4l-7uZDqdJe2wS9mXTeHJIZ-m1ri4LZeke9vk26sEk4dCo3uZ170GOpVebSXGTCzGxhBRJ-5A16PWlXn27TPpkCvoQSzTbB4p22QNGMClk5t2LTNMnV1-s9o2OMmr6fTWJbDAAjN5kzJKd9JD18-O32MGQ4PrYRlao32gYwnA04eEhetoG3_a99GA-JvxeSexdj_wgklVYR75Lo5L_PfEUeA3oM9MJMfkoGd-uNek0GuPRkBIn57RrbxQW2P3zdzqANQmtEDqezj2GEn4swno_0jRBoo_gz7LsMr6KfsPVpNh4hFTfWLVrFLuw_jG_C-c1IJ_1fyD1Q0g

   Nehete, Pramod N; Wilkerson, Gregory; Nehete, Bharti P; Chitta, Sriram...

   Plo S One, Vol. 13, Issue 11.

   Cellular immune responses were tested to determine the effect of fenbendazole on the function of lymphocytes from Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Samiri boliviensis boliviensis). Giardia-infected squirr... Read more

   Cellular immune responses were tested to determine the effect of fenbendazole on the function of lymphocytes from Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Samiri boliviensis boliviensis). Giardia-infected squirrel monkeys were treated with commercially available fenbendazole (FBZ)-medicated monkey chow. Immune responses were compared between historical controls (Giardia naïve, untreated with FBZ (control animals)) and Giardia-infected, FBZ-treated squirrel monkeys (study animals). Peripheral blood lymphocytes from study monkeys had significantly lower stimulation indices compared to control animals when cultured in vitro with concanavalin A (Con A) (p<0.0001), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (p<0.0001) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p<0.0001). PBMCs were also analyzed for IFN-γ producing cells in response to stimulation with Con A, PHA, PWM, and LPS by the cytokine ELISPOT assay. Significantly higher responses to Con A- (p<0.0001), and PHA- (p<0.001) stimulated cultures from Giardia-infected and fenbendazole treated compared to controls. Flow cytometric analysis for expression of cell surface markers revealed a significant increase in B- and NKT-lymphocytes and significant decrease in CD14+CD16+ monocytes after FBZ treatment. Also, circulating plasma cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12p40, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1ra, IL-6 and IL-4 were significantly decreased after FBZ treatment. Comparison of hematologic parameters between controls and FBZ-treated squirrel monkeys revealed significantly lower numbers of total leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils compared to controls. However, erythrocyte indices (red cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were significantly higher in FBZ-treated monkeys. Our findings suggest that fenbendazole treatment may alter sensitive immune and molecular measures of inflammation. Postponing the experimental use of squirrel monkeys until at least 6 weeks after FBZ treatment should be considered. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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