Articles

    1. Assessment of management practices for reducing pesticide runoff from sloping cropland in Illinois 1990

      Felsot, A.S. (Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL); Mitchell, J.K...

      Journal Of Environmental Quality, Vol. 19, Issue 3, pp. 539 - 545.

      The influence of tillage system and contouring practice on runoff of soil-applied alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofurany... Read more

      The influence of tillage system and contouring practice on runoff of soil-applied alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide], carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate), and terbufos (S-[(tert-butylthio)methyl] O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) from small plots (30 m2) were studied using a rainfall simulator. Plots were planted in corn (Zea mays L.) in 1983, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in 1984, and corn in 1985. Runoff was measured during a 60-min event with a rainfall intensity of 63 mm/h. During 1984, moldboard-plowed and no-till systems were studied with rows oriented on the contour or up-and-down slope (7-11% slope). Compared to moldboard plow, up-and-down slope no-till and contouring significantly reduced runoff of carbofuran and alachlor. Percentage of applied carbofuran lost in runoff and sediment ranged from 1% (contoured moldboard) to 11% (up-and-down slope moldboard). Percentage of applied alachlor lost ranged from 1% (contoured no-till) to 2% (contoured moldboard). During 1985, the effects of row orientation were evaluated on moldboard-plow, chisel-plow, ridge-till, strip-till, and no-till systems. Under up-and-down slope conditions, runoff of alachlor and terbufos plus two metabolites (terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone) was significantly reduced by strip-till ( 1% loss) compared to moldboard-plow (6% loss). Larger losses of alachlor (2% of applied) from up-and-down slope no-till than from the other conservation tillage systems 1% or less) was attributed to high concentrations in runoff associated with extensive washoff of the herbicide from soybean crop residues. With contouring, ridge tillage also was effective in reducing pesticide runoff ( 1% of applied pesticide), and strip-till held losses to 0.1%. Alachlor and carbofuran were translocated from plots largely in moving water, but terbufos and metabolites were recovered mainly in eroded sediment. Although, no conservation tillage system completely eliminated pesticide runoff, losses were most effectively minimized by contoured strip-till and no-till, which controlled both water and sediment movement Read less

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    2. A new species of Byssothecium (Loculoascomycetes) from wood in fresh water 1992

      Crane, J.L. (Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL); Shearer, C.A...

      Mycologia, Vol. 84, Issue 2, pp. 235 - 240.

      The morphology and development of Byssothecium flumineum, a new loculoascomycete in the Dacampiaceae from submerged wood, was studied. This species is characterized by medium-sized, ovoid to obpyri... Read more

      The morphology and development of Byssothecium flumineum, a new loculoascomycete in the Dacampiaceae from submerged wood, was studied. This species is characterized by medium-sized, ovoid to obpyriform ascomata with a relatively wide peridium. Hamathecium consists of gel-coated cellular pseudoparaphyses interspersed among abundant basal and slightly lateral asci. Ascospores are 3-septate, brown with slightly lighter end cells and verruculose. Byssothecium flumineum occurs frequently on woody debris in midwestern streams and decomposes wood by soft rot activity. Read less

      Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

    3. From self-regulated learning to computer-delivered integrated speaking testing: Does monitoring... 2023

      Zhang, Weiwei; Wilson, Aaron

      Frontiers In Psychology, Vol. 14, p. 1028754.

      Despite the salience of monitoring in self-regulated learning (SRL) and foreign and/or second language (L2) speech production in non-testing conditions, little is known about the metacognitive cons... Read more

      Despite the salience of monitoring in self-regulated learning (SRL) and foreign and/or second language (L2) speech production in non-testing conditions, little is known about the metacognitive construct in testing contexts and its effects on learner performance. Given the reciprocal effects between L2 testing and L2 learning, a research effort in monitoring working in speaking tests, in particular computer-delivered integrated speaking tests, a testing format that has been advocated as an internal part of L2 classroom instruction and represents the future direction of L2 testing, is warranted. This study, therefore, serves as such an effort through investigating the use of monitoring by 95 Chinese English as foreign language (EFL) learners on a self-reported questionnaire after they performed three computer-delivered integrated speaking test tasks. Descriptive analysis followed by Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) testing reveals that monitoring was used in a high-frequency manner, but it exerted no substantial effects on learner performance. Primarily, the results are expected to provide pedagogical implications for SRL: while fostering self-regulating learners, especially self-monitoring L2 speakers, it is necessary for L2 teachers to purposefully reduplicate testing conditions in their classroom instructions for helping the self-regulating learners be equally self-regulating test-takers. Moreover, the results are hoped to offer some insights into L2 testing through the perspective of self-monitoring, one proposed component of strategic competence, a construct that has been extensively acknowledged to reflect the essence of L2 testing. Read less

      Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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