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1. Watershed delineation and ground water discharge to a coastal embayment 1998

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Nb9MwFLfYOAAHPgaIMCg5IG6hiRN_RJomNVnbAaJMtFMLF8tOHIqAFq0b2v573nOS0h5AAnFxZMex5Gf7-eeX598j5LmmcSk4swETmgaJtSbQKY8C2NylqRj-euLbxpza_wnvwtT8EGuDG64Mp69xgWuz6m554rAA90-8cCfRwolELi8RTwKqwSgO2YdfxOFQkrZKGXTDrOEf_XNTW3vVTqWXgGBR-JdbcHQT1LpdaXCH_Gj745xRMATCpld-1zEhOvqLlvXx__T9Lrnd4Fi_V0-8e-SaXeyRWxvshnvkRhNgfX51n4ymGmk857b0j_AGfI1Ufb0ofbR-weNgfujqHHTnh_7R55WjcLL--dLXfr7UAGK_-v1vRl-hOfMBOR30J_lx0IRyCHQiUx5oWzAmAUoUJiwiUKkhs5GpOK8iK7RNUhqmtJRhYoWVYaGNANxScFuCgiliHcWPiG8Kk1BrbURDmRhLjRWsDCspWag5pB6J29FS32uqDrVxxAGRKRSZQpGpRmTq0iMPYWCV_gQ6VZ2OkZUBcZMQHnnhxnrdlj77gl5wgqnpaKh4ymcjNoyU9Mh-OxlUowBWisZcJhhi3SPP1m9h5eLvGL2wy4uVgoMqi6lIf1-DcpmikvWIdLPhL7qlhtPeBA6rj__9031ys76Aib7JT8ju-dmFfUp2cRJ3yI6YCZdmHXK9l73OB_ic5CdjKM36OeSyN-Pe-45bhh2kX51C2XH-avARcm_pO5eeYCrGPwEjdi7b

   Cambareri, T.C. (Cape Cod Commission, Barnstable, MA.); Eichner, E.M

   Ground Water, Vol. 36, Issue 4, pp. 626 - 634.

   Nonpoint source management strategies for watersheds to eutrophic coastal waters require an adequate characterization of subsurface hydrogeology to understand the sources and fate of ground water a... Read more

   Nonpoint source management strategies for watersheds to eutrophic coastal waters require an adequate characterization of subsurface hydrogeology to understand the sources and fate of ground water and contaminant flow. An investigation was conducted to define the watershed to Waquoit Bay, a shallow eutrophic coastal embayment at the margin of the sand and gravel aquifer of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. This investigation included: (1) the development of a subregional water table map over 56 square kilometers; (2) delineation of a watershed and subwatersheds by plotting reverse ground water flowpaths; (3) a water budget based on a mass balance between recharge rates over riverine watershed segments and measured stream flows; and (4) a series of well points driven beneath the bed of the embayment and a transect of deep geologic borings perpendicular to the shore to characterize submarine ground water and hydrogeologic conditions at depth. The principal aquifer thins from the apex of the watershed, where it is approximately 46 m thick, to approximately 11 m thick as it nears Waquoit Bay. The detailed water table map shows extremely high hydraulic gradients to the rivers and comparably smaller gradients near the bay, indicating the thinning aquifer forces ground water to discharge into the rivers and causes them to function as significant surface drains for the aquifer. A classic sharp salt water interface was found in the upper 11.3 m thick High K unit, while the interface in the lower 34 m thick Low K unit was estimated to extend 700 m from the shoreline beneath the saline water of the bay. Eighty-nine percent (89%) of the bay water budget is from ground water flow (55% channeled into rivers and 34% direct ground water discharge), while 11% is from atmospheric deposition. The Low K unit is an insignificant source of fresh water to the embayment. The conceptual hydrogeologic model of the watershed is consistent with the water table configuration and the mass balance water bu... Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

2. Fine-scale remotely-sensed cover mapping of coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems at Cape Cod... 2012

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9RAEB-kIgpi9VSs1mMffBLXJrtJdg9KoT17VgQfRMG3sJtMGkp7d2TTh_sf_KOdyUe1UkV8CeRrstmZZGZ3Zn8_gFdO6dJkKcrUOCUTRC_dLIslOXfrq5RTT9n1yRx4M66F-T2F35ViNYEBLXnWzr6NNEN76tQwT8Pi3dFVyiC1pqfH04lkQxxTmDdJ-JMTur92gbqm6jkt-orIztEstuHb2MSuvoRZDX4ttN_rwA07RIsRyPFfX-chPBiCT3HYW8sjuIXLCTw9_rnWjU4OH3uYwN2BIL3eTODO-44BePMYvi8oLpXcfhQNkqLxfCMDDYaxFAXXg4oLx5gPp2JV0QEXWGh5uUThlqUI7rylC5pQCxr39jDSQbhW7NcHc7dGMV-V-3v1gRjwuqk96EK9alBwhf6p-ExSVheCGUVDG57A18Xxl_mJHCgdZKGVaSVD8cxMXGpd6FlVaKcNuU6rvK145KKULQ26KImjwiH5BB8nOKPfUGF05nVa6WcgfOEThYiximziUXk0aRlV1qaRy2i7A69H5ebrHrIjH2vZznLq_Jw7P2f2Ta13IBnVnw8xRx9L5KS3v902vWYqVw-ieIfRfqPn_yf3Bdzjvb5eZhe22uYSX8IWW9kUbh9--HjyadqZ_Q9C6v9W

   Timm, Brad C.; McGarigal, Kevin

   Remote Sensing Of Environment, Vol. 127, pp. 106 - 117.

   Remote-sensing based cover mapping has a long history of use in natural resource management for a wide-range of applications. In order to be effectively employed, remote-sensing based cover maps mu... Read more

   Remote-sensing based cover mapping has a long history of use in natural resource management for a wide-range of applications. In order to be effectively employed, remote-sensing based cover maps must be accurate and meet the spatial scale inherent to the phenomena of interest. In this study, we employed the Random Forests algorithm in a supervised classification approach to construct a fine-scale (i.e., 1.0meter pixel resolution) remote-sensing based cover map of coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems at Cape Cod National Seashore, USA. We achieved high overall classification accuracies (i.e., 75.1% and 86.8% correct classification rate for the dune and salt marsh study areas, respectively) with a large proportion of the misclassified holdout validation assessment points being errors of commission between overlapping and/or ecologically similar cover classes. In addition, we were able to considerably reduce the predictor variable set by using a forward selection variable reduction method while achieving modestly higher classification accuracies compared to the global model. Our results suggest that coastal dune and salt marsh ecosystems can be mapped at a fine spatial resolution with reasonably high classification accuracy using a supervised Random Forests-based approach such as ours. Read less

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