Articles

    1. The mast cell and allergic diseases: role in pathogenesis and implications for therapy 2008

      Brown, J. M.; Wilson, T. M.; Metcalfe, D. D.

      Clinical And Experimental Allergy, Vol. 38, Issue 1, pp. 4 - 18.

      Summary Mast cells have long been recognized for their role in the genesis of allergic inflammation; and more recently for their participation in innate and acquired immune responses. Mast cells re... Read more

      Summary Mast cells have long been recognized for their role in the genesis of allergic inflammation; and more recently for their participation in innate and acquired immune responses. Mast cells reside within tissues including the skin and mucosal membranes, which interface with the external environment; as well as being found within vascularized tissues next to nerves, blood vessels and glandular structures. Mast cells have the capability of reacting both within minutes and over hours to specific stimuli, with local and systemic effects. Mast cells express the high affinity IgE receptor (FcɛRI) and upon aggregation of FcɛRI by allergen‐specific IgE, mast cells release and generate biologically active preformed and newly synthesized mediators which are involved in many aspects of allergic inflammation. While mast cells have been well documented to be essential for acute allergic reactions, more recently the importance of mast cells in reacting through pattern recognition receptors in innate immune responses has become recognized. Moreover, as our molecular understanding of the mast cell has evolved, novel targets for modulation have been identified with promising therapeutic potential. Read less

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    2. Ash storms: impacts of wind-remobilised volcanic ash on rural communities and agriculture... 2011

      Wilson, T. M.; Cole, J. W.; Stewart, C.; Cronin, S. J.; Johnston, D. M.

      Bulletin Of Volcanology, Vol. 73, Issue 3, pp. 223 - 239.

      Tephra fall from the August 1991 eruption of Volcán Hudson affected some 100,000 km 2 of Patagonia and was almost immediately reworked by strong winds, creating billowing clouds of remobilised ash,... Read more

      Tephra fall from the August 1991 eruption of Volcán Hudson affected some 100,000 km 2 of Patagonia and was almost immediately reworked by strong winds, creating billowing clouds of remobilised ash, or ‘ash storms’. The immediate impacts on agriculture and rural communities were severe, but were then greatly exacerbated by continuing ash storms. This paper describes the findings of a 3-week study tour of the diverse environments of southern Patagonia affected by ash storms, with an emphasis on determining the impacts of repeated ash storms on agriculture and local practices that were developed in an attempt to mitigate these impacts. Ash storms produce similar effects to initial tephra eruptions, prolonged for considerable periods. These have included the burial of farmland under dune deposits, abrasion of vegetation and contamination of feed supplies with fine ash. These impacts can then cause problems for grazing animals such as starvation, severe tooth abrasion, gastrointestinal problems, corneal abrasion and blindness, and exhaustion if sheep fleeces become laden with ash. In addition, ash storms have led to exacerbated soil erosion, human health impacts, increased cleanup requirements, sedimentation in irrigation canals, and disruption of aviation and land transport. Ash deposits were naturally stabilised most rapidly in areas with high rainfall (>1,500 mm/year) through compaction and enhanced vegetation growth. Stabilisation was slowest in windy, semi-arid regions. Destruction of vegetation and suppression of regrowth by heavy tephra fall (>100 mm) hindered the stabilisation of deposits for years, and reduced the surface friction which increased wind erosivity. Stabilisation of tephra deposits was improved by intensive tillage, use of windbreaks and where there was dense and taller vegetative cover. Long-term drought and the impracticality of mixing ash deposits with soil by tillage on large farms was a barrier to stabilising deposits and, in turn, agricultural recovery. The continuing ash storms motivated the partial evacuation of small rural towns such as Chile Chico (Chile) and Los Antiguos (Argentina) in September–December 1991, after the primary tephra fall in August 1991. Greatly increased municipal cleanup efforts had to be sustained beyond the initial tephra fall to cope with the ongoing impacts of ash storms. Throughout the 1990s, ash storms contributed to continued population migration out of the affected area, leaving hundreds of farms abandoned on the Argentine steppe. The major lesson from our study is the importance of stabilisation of ash deposits as soon as possible after the initial eruption, particularly in windy, arid climates. Suggested mitigation measures include deep cultivation of the ash into the soil and erecting windbreaks. Read less

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    3. Volcanic risk assessment: Quantifying physical vulnerability in the built environment 2014

      Jenkins, S.F.; Spence, R.J.S.; Fonseca, J.F.B.D.; Solidum, R.U.; Wilson, T.M.

      Journal Of Volcanology And Geothermal Research, Vol. 276, pp. 105 - 120.

      This paper presents structured and cost-effective methods for assessing the physical vulnerability of at-risk communities to the range of volcanic hazards, developed as part of the MIA-VITA project... Read more

      This paper presents structured and cost-effective methods for assessing the physical vulnerability of at-risk communities to the range of volcanic hazards, developed as part of the MIA-VITA project (2009–2012). An initial assessment of building and infrastructure vulnerability has been carried out for a set of broadly defined building types and infrastructure categories, with the likelihood of damage considered separately for projectile impact, ash fall loading, pyroclastic density current dynamic pressure and earthquake ground shaking intensities. In refining these estimates for two case study areas: Kanlaon volcano in the Philippines and Fogo volcano in Cape Verde, we have developed guidelines and methodologies for carrying out physical vulnerability assessments in the field. These include identifying primary building characteristics, such as construction material and method, as well as subsidiary characteristics, for example the size and prevalence of openings, that may be important in assessing eruption impacts. At-risk buildings around Kanlaon were found to be dominated by timber frame buildings that exhibit a high vulnerability to pyroclastic density currents, but a low vulnerability to failure from seismic shaking. Around Fogo, the predominance of unreinforced masonry buildings with reinforced concrete slab roofs suggests a high vulnerability to volcanic earthquake but a low vulnerability to ash fall loading. Given the importance of agriculture for local livelihoods around Kanlaon and Fogo, we discuss the potential impact of infrastructure vulnerability for local agricultural economies, with implications for volcanic areas worldwide. These methodologies and tools go some way towards offering a standardised approach to carrying out future vulnerability assessments for populated volcanic areas. •Building failure is considered separately for key typologies and volcanic hazards.•Field survey methodologies and results are presented for Kanlaon and Fogo volcanoes.•The impact of infrastructure vulnerability for local economies is discussed.•These methodologies and tools go some way towards offering a standardised approach. Read less

      Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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    1. The Business Side of Thought Leadership

      Explore the business side of thought leadership with insights from best-selling author Stephen M. R. Covey.

      Explore the business side of thought leadership with insights from best-selling author Stephen M. R. Covey. Read less

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      Explore the power of doubling down, betting on yourself, and developing successful strategies to propel you into the next phase of your career.

      Explore the power of doubling down, betting on yourself, and developing successful strategies to propel you into the next phase of your career. Read less

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    1. Planthoppers: Metcalf Collection: NC State University Libraries

      of Vizcaya Muir (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)--a significant phylogenetic link. Occ. Papers Bishop Mus. 30: 154-187. Asche, M.; Wilson, M. R. 1990a. The delphacid genus So... Read more

      of Vizcaya Muir (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea)--a significant phylogenetic link. Occ. Papers Bishop Mus. 30: 154-187. Asche, M.; Wilson, M. R. 1990a. The delphacid genus Sogatella Read less

    2. Leafhoppers: Metcalf Collection: NC State University Libraries

      : Homoptera). pp. 15-37. In Knight, W. J.; Pant, N. C.; Robertson, T. S.; Wilson, M. R. (eds.). Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Biotaxonomy, Classification

      : Homoptera). pp. 15-37. In Knight, W. J.; Pant, N. C.; Robertson, T. S.; Wilson, M. R. (eds.). Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Biotaxonomy, Classification Read less

    3. Richard A. Moore Landscape Architecture Drawings and Papers, 1950-2003

      Skinner & Associates; Wilson (Wilson County, N.C.) Flat folder 3 Wilson Savings & Loan Association Schaal, Herbert R.; Wilson (Wilson County, N.C.) Fla... Read more

      Skinner & Associates; Wilson (Wilson County, N.C.) Flat folder 3 Wilson Savings & Loan Association Schaal, Herbert R.; Wilson (Wilson County, N.C.) Flat folder 18 Wood (T. M Read less

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