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1. United States v. Drayton: The Need for Bright-Line Warnings during Consensual Bus Searches 2003

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1LT9wwEB516aWXPmilbnnUB8QtbBIndlwhpE0LLNIWEFsEPUV2PBFSEVvtsq367zu2k7KoAi6Th8eJE7--zx6PAbaUKTi3WkdWSBFlGWJktLBRHjdaW17LxvvSWxrMga1uLYwzq_R2gX4WnwCSucYBz1TCnW_PHvGD4JZ-CeIWwdOyIi6UCHW3MLaLdq_HCUaH_zW8vjc5eAWnXTq8EYnbumDZmn7gPRh6txWdt8an0vwaXrbIkg1DUXgDz_BmFXpj_XsV1sMiXHaB142eIdtm3Y3p7MdbmO5e7QXsyQL23B1c7bFfO-zLTP8hbPiJUWFix9TPMYK4rPSEPqJIRGTR616E8ZU5C6semdsG1O2hQa8gtXIRnhhMm3H-Ds4P9r99HkXtRgxRzYW8jVRhUmOpatustgYx17FRRESMJL5Tp4U1KZeYxk3cmMYSQCRYlFiFKeU_zwrD3wOra5FhmhupZJLVRugYVSEIsNQyQZ0kfVJpc6n6GRxtVERQXEZW7b_sw4b_zQ-Hr3W5WrU1cV55COjasT58_BdKVcjNi-gbnC7mFZcqVvShD2s41hrnhXhUI-fExT88kcY1eHFnDrgOK7ezBW7Aiithm9CT56WTlySfD8eT8REdy8Oz7-66HI2OhxS6P7nc9FWA5Nf4xMl07GU4P_Ny8hcNiQCG

   Reich, Marissa

   The Journal Of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol. 93, Issue 4, pp. 1057 - 1094.

   Reviews the US Supreme Court case of United States v. Drayton (2002), which concerned the constitutionality of consensual bus searches when police do not notify passengers that they have the right ... Read more

   Reviews the US Supreme Court case of United States v. Drayton (2002), which concerned the constitutionality of consensual bus searches when police do not notify passengers that they have the right to refuse to comply with a search request. Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable searches & seizures are reviewed, & the details of the case are recounted. Directions for determining voluntariness in consent-based searches are outlined, & the use of "bright-line" rules (requiring police to notify citizens of their right of refusal) in constitutional cases is discussed. It is argued that the "totality-of-circumstances" test used by the Court to evaluate consensual bus searches is improper. K. Hyatt Stewart Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

2. Direct to your destination: the size, scope and competitive status of express coach carriers in... 2019

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3PS-QwFH6senA96OouOP4YctjTatZpmyaNiKDDDq4gCiq6eylJmjKDMCN2hNG_3pdk6lTQgz28HJImNElfviTvfQ_gp9RZkhRK0YILThmzlmrFC5p2SqWKxIjSc-k1DnMgfj26GN79rm8kvaKe-brh4za_gsqMpZTNwULqaCadd_j16cysI0pDlDwmseksq28y36vi7Vo0A5jNO9F4utT0VkI81cozFI4mzgnpjan9nqc39JwWDSrHT3zQN1ieglByFGbNKnyxwzVYrH2UqzVYatAUfodJ0ItkPCJP-CopHDNHOEXcJwggSTV4trvEO7gQNSyI8WDcWyUR57H0WJFRSezEG91irjJ9YtSDC5ZXkcHQ13HQPwz4lwT8e7DXP_wB170_V90TOo3YQA0uhGOqdWlVqTONkD01ErfeSWQTnhpueKE0R-WhTZI5RhyhFIvLTmQsl7Hm1iKwtMk6EGM4s1hOSBExo7nqWJlxRDZGRFZFUQt-1YOW3wdGjnzGvez6NMc-zV2f5qwFW_Ww5tOfs8ojmaGi45KlLdipx6aR_VFlG58qvQlfEVzJYCy4BfPjh0e7DfNuurRhTtz8c_L2uO2nbxsWjo5Puz2XXnUvLjE96f7t_cfcs_jcywsnxeULgHbyGQ

   Schwieterman, Joseph P.; Klein, Nicholas J.; Levin, Alexander

   Transportation (Dordrecht), Vol. 46, Issue 4, pp. 1487 - 1504.

   The advent of express coach bus lines offering guaranteed seating and emphasizing curbside pickup and drop-off is contributing to a revival in intercity bus travel in the United States. Relatively ... Read more

   The advent of express coach bus lines offering guaranteed seating and emphasizing curbside pickup and drop-off is contributing to a revival in intercity bus travel in the United States. Relatively little is known, however, about the scale and geographic scope of these carriers or the competitive landscape in which they operate. To fill this void, this study evaluates the service networks operated by the two largest express coach operators in the country, BoltBus and Megabus, and evaluates a data set of 4775 fares sold on megabus.com. The results show that these carriers cumulatively serve 127 intercity segments and operate about 52.9 million bus miles per year. Together, these carriers have grown to about one third of the size of Amtrak, with Megabus and BoltBus providing 3.3 billion and .69 billion seat miles of service, respectively, compared to Amtrak’s 12.8 billion. With respect to the types of routes it serves and the competition it faces, Megabus has evolved into a carrier quite different than Boltbus; more than one third of Megabus’ bus miles are operated on segments without Amtrak service, while virtually all of BoltBus’ miles face this competition. The analysis of Megabus’ pricing shows that fares rise modestly within 2 weeks of departure, while the per-mile costs are much less ($.08/mile) for 300–399 mile trips than for those 50–99 miles ($.22/mile). Nevertheless, the dispersion of fares tends to fall as the departure date nears, regardless of distance. Together, these prominent bus lines serve 66 of the 100 most heavily traveled U.S. city pairs that have characteristics suitable for intercity bus service—which is more than Amtrak. With further growth on the horizon, planners, federal regulators, and researchers should collaborate on establishing reporting requirements for this expanding sector. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

3. Planning Approaches in Contracted Fixed-Route Bus Transit Service in the United States: Private... 2017

   https://ncsu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Ra9swEBale-ketrUbrN1artBXkciypbiEQFqaNrRhYWx7NbJ0poGSlNiBPu5v7Nfsv-yX7CQ7iTc2-uyTsNHpvk_W3XeMnaV5T0pnDHdKKx7HiDw3yvGkWxjjpNVF0NJr_cxhp_-8wZciFp1IJT43J9Snd31zhslo47EEfgQxWwAm7pImQdCujsVSxvUds1SC0_Fa1GWz7Xn_wKN1Mpds8GX0mk3WVTohrcQ3M2jn13eCpmEQsmjpN_7_K96wVw3RhGHtGftsB-cH7GVLfvAt-7nuWATDRlkcS5jNwStWBRVnB6PZEzru04YQ-veDi1XZ79wPICDcrIIm0vhBRCS9Rc1hoeaw3vYcpkvfQQ3J2F8Q_Pr-o4TPi4fNoM1LNDULYOYOxlUJ43X_FFjMYbotcIBPq4r2CZbv2NfR1ZfLG940dOCWWFPFrZFFT1Bcy2UvMphomyYRUozRtiCaIAuX6kiZVEiHKnFoiVOLgqABVRFpik3vGVirYoySXKdaxDZXpotpTxHxsVqgEeKQTJr1zB5rwY6MDjp-ETK_CFlXHbJjv85Zs1vLv58fPT_FB7YXeXwP_2I-st1qucJjtuvd4oS9GF7f3n07CZ76G3e94K4

   Mendez, Joel; Brown, Jeffrey R.

   Transportation Research Record, Vol. 2651, Issue 1, pp. 52 - 59.

   This study explored the role of planning approaches implemented by agencies that contracted a significant portion of fixed-route bus service and related those planning approaches to service perform... Read more

   This study explored the role of planning approaches implemented by agencies that contracted a significant portion of fixed-route bus service and related those planning approaches to service performance. Of particular interest are the rationale behind agency decisions of where to situate planning functions, the role of the contractor in the planning process, and the implications of planning approaches on service cost, quality, and efficiency. Eight cases focused on U.S. transit agencies located in major metropolitan areas that contracted more than 20% of their fixed-route bus service. The authors utilized a combination of agency documents, National Transit Database data, and respondent interviews to uncover the planning approaches employed by each agency and to relate them to key performance indicators. The results show that agencies that do not contract planning functions do so to retain maximum control and oversight of bus service, the role of the contractor in the planning process is augmented as the proportion of contracted service increases, and agencies that employ a strategy with heightened levels of contractor interaction are more likely to experience positive performance outcomes. Read less

   Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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