Articles

    1. Time Windows Vehicle Routing Problem to On-Time Transportation of Biological Products on... 2023

      Almeida, João Paulo; Geraldes, Carla Soares; Lopes, Isabel Cristina...

      Operational Research, Vol. 411, pp. 163 - 174.

      This paper addresses a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) applied to the field of healthcare. Biological products are collected from patients at the local healthcare centers and transported to hospital ... Read more

      This paper addresses a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) applied to the field of healthcare. Biological products are collected from patients at the local healthcare centers and transported to hospital laboratories for further processing and analysis. This paper analyses and determines a set of vehicle routes to perform on-time transportation of biological products from local healthcare centers to the main hospital, considering all technical issues. We sought to develop a solution to the Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickups and Deliveries (VRPPD) to effectively collect biological products, and parallelly deliver medical supplies to local healthcare units—gloves, masks, sanitation accessories, and disposable tools. We also aimed to implement a solution suitable for a larger cluster of healthcare centers. The mathematical model allowed for an efficient route design, considering distances, service times, travel times, total route time, and vehicle availability for other tasks. The mathematical model (VRPPDW) presents a feasible improvement to the solution currently used by the healthcare units. It allows for pickup and delivery of other items as required, and can be adapted if other collection points are to be added, providing a strong route and service times optimization. We were able to achieve a 95-min reduction, thus saving €2,222.64 per year. This solution required no further investment thus avoiding any reallocation available resources. Read less

      Book Chapter  |  Full Text Online

    2. Effective deicing of vehicle windows and thermal response of asymmetric multilayered... 2019

      Kim, Gayoung; Lim, Jung Wook; Yeon, Changbong; Kim, Taeyoon; Lee, Hee Chul...

      Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, Vol. 774, pp. 1092 - 1101.

      For the effective deicing of the windows of electric vehicles, we fabricated asymmetric multilayered transparent (AMT) film heaters exhibiting a low resistance (5.4 Ω/sq.) and high visible transmit... Read more

      For the effective deicing of the windows of electric vehicles, we fabricated asymmetric multilayered transparent (AMT) film heaters exhibiting a low resistance (5.4 Ω/sq.) and high visible transmittance (88%), resulting in the highest figure of merit (759) reported to date. Also, the simulated transmittance of the AMT films better matched the experimental results when considering the microstructure of the reaction layer between the Ga-doped ZnO and Ag layers. Herein, an unconventional approach considering heat transfer by conduction is described because heat loss from the thick glass (>3 mm) inevitably occurs in the real-world application of vehicle windows. We formulated and simultaneously solved two derivative heat transfer equations considering the thermal loss in the thick glass and heat transfer in the heating films to accurately predict the temperature of the outside glass. To verify our model, we performed a heating test by inserting heated windows in a small-scale automobile model and were able to accurately predict deicing time and heating rates. •Asymmetric multilayered transparent (AMT) film heaters used to deice windows.•The AMT films show the highest figure of merit (759) reported to date.•Temperature of the outside glass could be accurately predicted.•Exact time for deicing windows with AMT heaters predicted by theoretical model.•This prediction will help design heating conditions for automobiles. Read less

      Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

    3. The effects of crossbow impacts onto a common automotive vehicle side window—a preliminary study 2020

      Critchley, R.; Standbridge, K.; Peare, A.

      International Journal Of Legal Medicine, Vol. 134, Issue 4, pp. 1395 - 1401.

      In recent times, the number of criminal incidents involving crossbows in the UK has increased with many incidents resulting in either injuries or fatalities. Whilst the effects of crossbow bolts on... Read more

      In recent times, the number of criminal incidents involving crossbows in the UK has increased with many incidents resulting in either injuries or fatalities. Whilst the effects of crossbow bolts on the body are well understood, there is a limited understanding on how these projectiles interact with the wider environment. One area of particular interest is the interaction between common vehicle side windows and bolts. In this study, the penetrability of two distinct bolts using an off-the-shelve crossbow against a common automotive side window was explored, where velocity loss up to 25 m/s post impact was recorded. All windows failed through radial glass fracture at a rate up to 1600 m/s, whilst bolt damage varied from tip holder decoupling, shaft damage, and traumatic fletching removal. No distinct relationship between bolt type, velocity, and window damage was identified. Read less

      Journal Article  |  Full Text Online

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    Books & Media

    1. Public notice : regarding the prohibition under Iraqi law of vehicles with tinted windows.

      TRLN Shared Print Collection | Book

    2. Vehicle routing 2000 : advances in time windows, optimality, fast bounds, & multi-depot routing

      guest editor, Bruce L. Golden.

      Hill HE147.7 .V46 1993 | Book

    3. Injuries associated with hazards involving motor vehicle power windows.

      TRLN Shared Print Collection | Book

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