Black leaders of the twentieth century

Blacks in the new world

Blacks in the New World.

Booker T. Washington and the politics of accommodation / T. Thomas Fortune : militant editor in the age of accommodation / Lonely warrior : Ida B. Wells-Barnett and the struggle for Black leadership / W.E.B. DuBois : protagonist of the Afro-American protest / James Weldon Johnson and the development of the NAACP / Marcus Garvey and the politics of revitalization / A. Philip Randolph : labor leader at large / Charles Clinton Spaulding : middle-class leadership in the age of segregation / Mary McLeod Bethune and the National Youth Administration : a case study of power relationships in the Black cabinet of Franklin D. Roosevelt / Charles Hamilton Houston : social engineer for civil rights / Mabel K. Staupers and the integration of Black nurses into the armed forces / Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. : the militant as politician / Martin Luther King, Jr. and the promise of nonviolent populism / Malcolm X : witness for the prosecution / Whitney M. Young Jr. : committing the power structure to the case of civil rights

The age of danger : major speeches of American problems

The twentieth century : its promise and its realization / The world outlook in the atomic age. Selections from America and the atomic age, University of Chicago Round Table discussions / Peace without appeasement / The defense of the free world / Peace in the atomic era / The road to peace / The United States and foreign affairs. The fulcrum of western civilization / The national interest of the United States / Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union / The state of the union (1952) / Background of Korea / The frank and candid light / An address to the Security Council of the United Nations / On assuming command of the Eighth Army / Preventing a new world war / Address to the Congress / United States policy toward Asia / Chinese-American friendship / A world in revolution / Let us make peace / An interview with Pravda correspondent / What are the real issues in our fight against communism? / How communists make converts / The United States, Russia, and the atomic bomb / A report to the nation / A statement before the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee / A report from the President of France / The integration of Europe

Mobilizing America's strength for world security / The moral core of military strength / The present danger / Mobilizing and training a citizen army / The present crisis and the American economy / Mobilizing for defense / How can we stop rising prices? / The state of science / Science, technology, and national security / Scientific manpower / Nuclear energy development and military technology / Stress and disease / An American Medical Association Presidential Inaugural Address / Weighed in the balance / What health insurance would mean to you / Prepayment plans / Where do we go from here in education? / The citizen's stake in academic freedom / Man thinking / The goals of education are not sufficient today / A high school commencement address / New problems, new philosophers / On accepting the Nobel Award / The stake of the arts in the democratic way of life / Organized labor and current international developments / Labor's role in higher education / Business, government, and education / The rough road ahead / National security and individual freedom / The international significance of human relations / The ideals of American youth / Segregation in the Armed Forces / Time is running out / How can modern man find faith? / Is youth forgetting religion? / The need for a spiritual revival / Religious philosophy and intergroup progress / The authentic revolution / The challenge of our time / Questions and topics for discussion ; Methods for stimulating discussion.

The encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli conflict : a political, social, and military history

Arab-Israeli conflict

A-F -- List of entries -- List of maps -- Preface -- General maps -- Introduction -- Overview of the Arab-Israeli conflict -- Aaronsohn, Aaron -- Aaronsohn, Sarah -- Abbas, Abu -- Abbas, Mahmoud -- Abd al-Hadi, Awni -- Abdel-Rahman, Omar -- Abdulhamid II, Sultan -- Abdullah, King of Saudi Arabia -- Abdullah I, King of Jordan -- Abed Rabbo, Yasser -- Abu Nidal -- Abu Sharah, Naif -- Acheson, Dean -- Achille Lauro hijacking -- Adan, Avraham -- Adenauer, Konrad -- Administrative detentions -- Agranat, Shimon -- Agranat Commission -- Agriculture -- Agudat Israel Party -- Aircraft, Bombers -- Aircraft, Electronic warfare -- Aircraft, Fighters -- Aircraft, Kfir fighter -- Aircraft, Reconnaissance -- Aircraft, Transport -- Airpower, Role in the Arab-Israeli Wars -- Akko, Israel -- Al-Aqsa Mosque -- Al-Aqsa Mosque Massacre -- Al-Birch -- Al Jazeera -- Al-Mawasi -- Al Qaeda -- Al-Saiqa -- Albright, Madeleine -- Algeria -- Algiers Agreement -- Algiers Declaration -- Aliya, First -- Aliya, Second -- Aliya, Third -- Aliya, Fourth -- Aliya, Fifth -- Aliya Bet -- Aliya Hadasha -- All Palestine Government -- Allenby, Sir Edmund Henry Hynman -- Allon, Yigal -- Allon Plan --

Altalena Incident -- Amer, Abdel Hakim -- American Israel Public Affairs Committee -- American Jewish Committee -- American Jewish Conference -- American Jewish Congress -- American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee -- American Palestine Committee -- Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry -- Anglo-Egyptian Treaty -- Anglo-Jordanian Defense Treaty -- Anielwicz, Mordecai -- Anti-Arab Attitudes and Discrimination -- Anti-Semitism -- Antitank weapons -- Antonius, George -- Aoun, Michel -- Aqaba, Gulf of -- Aqr, Mamudh al- -- Arab Economic Boycott of Israel -- Arab Higher Committee -- Arab-Jewish Communal War -- Arab League -- Arab Legion -- Arab Liberation Army -- Arab nationalism -- Arab Nationalist Movement -- Arab oil embargo -- Arab Revolt of 1916-1918 - Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 -- Arab riots, Jerusalem -- Arab socialism -- Arabah -- Arafat, Yasser -- Archaeological sites and projects -- Arens, Moshe -- Arif, Arif al- -- Armored personnel carriers -- Armored Warfare Doctrine -- Arms sales, International -- Artillery -- Artillery, Antiaircraft -- Ashkenazic Judaism -- Ashrawi, Hanan Mikhail -- Assad, Bashar al- -- Assad, Hafez al- -- Assimilation -- Aswan High Dam Project -- Attlee, Clement Richard -- Attrition, War of -- Avukah -- Azzam Pasha, Abdel Rahman --

Baath Party (Syria) -- Baathism -- Baghdad Pact -- Baker, James Addison, III -- Baker Plan -- Baldat al-Shaykh Massacre -- Balfour, Arthur James -- Balfour Declaration -- Baltim, Battle of -- Bangalore torpedo -- Bar-Ilan, Meir -- Bar Kokhba -- Bar-Lev, Chaim -- Bar-Lev Line -- Barak, Ehud -- Barghuti, Marwan -- Basle Program -- Bedouin -- Beersheba -- Begin, Menachem -- Beilin, Yossi -- Beirut -- Beit Sheʼan Valley -- Bekáa Valley -- Bel-Gal, Avigdor -- Belkovsky, Zvi -- Ben-Ari, Uri -- Ben-Gurion, David -- Ben-Zvi, Yitzhak -- Bernadotte, Folke -- Bethlehem -- Bevin, Ernest -- Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design -- Bialik, Haim Nachman -- Bible -- Biltmore Program -- Bilu -- Biological weapons and warfare -- Black September -- Black September Organization -- Bʼnai Bʼrith -- Bombs, Gravity -- Bombs, Precision-guided -- Border war -- Boutros-Ghali, Boutros -- Brandeis, Louis Dembitz -- Brandt, Willy -- Brenner, m Joseph Hayyim -- Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich -- Bʼriha -- Brodetsky, Selig -- Brzezinski, Zbigniew -- Bull, Gerald Vincent -- Bunche, Ralph Johnson -- Burma Road -- Bush, George Herbert Walker -- Bush, George Walker --

Cadogan, Alexander George Montagu -- Cairo Accord -- Cairo Agreement -- Cairo Declaration, Palestine Liberation Organization -- Camp David Accords -- Carmel, Moshe -- Carter, James Earl, Jr. -- Chamberlain, Joseph -- Chamoun, Camille -- Chancellor, Sir John Robert -- Chemical weapons and warfare -- China, People's Republic of, Middle East Policy -- Chinese Farm, Battle of the -- Church of the Holy Sepulcher -- Church of the Nativity -- Churchill, Sir Winston -- Climate of the Middle East -- Clinton, William Jefferson -- Committee of Jewish Delegations at the Peace Conference -- Communist Party of Israel -- Conscription policies -- Copenhagen Bureau -- Creech Jones, Arthur -- Cunningham, Sir Alan Gordon -- Cyprus -- Czechoslovakia, Middle East policy -- Dahlan, Muhammad Yusuf -- Daoud, Muhammad -- Darwish, Mahmoud -- Dayan, Moshe -- Dead Sea -- Decolonization -- Deedes, Sir Wyndham -- Defensive Shield, Operation -- Degania, Battle for the -- De Gaulle, Charles -- Deir Yassin massacre -- Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine -- Der Judenstaat -- Desalination -- Diaspora -- Dimona, Israel -- Dome of the Rock -- Dreyfus Affair -- Druze -- Dubnow, Simon Meyervich -- Dulles, John Foster --

East Africa Scheme -- Eban, Abba Solomon -- Eden, Robert Anthony -- Egypt -- Egypt, Armed Forces -- Egyptian-Soviet Arms Deal -- Eichmann, Karl Adolf -- Eilat, Israel -- Eilat sinking -- Einstein, Albert -- Eisenhower, Dwight David -- Eitan, Rafael -- El Arish -- El Arish Scheme -- Elazar, David -- ElBaradei, Mohamed -- El Hassan bin Talal, Prince -- Emancipation of the Jewish population -- Emergency Committee for Zionist Affairs -- Entebbe Hostage Rescue -- Eshkol, Levi -- European Union and the Arab-Israeli Conflict -- Exodus incident -- Expellees and refugees, Palestinian -- Ezra and Nehemia, Operation -- Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia -- Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia -- Faisal I, King of Iraq -- Faisal II, King of Iraq -- Falwell, Jerry -- Farouk I, King of Egypt -- Fatah -- Fatwa -- Fayruz -- Fayyad, Salam -- Fadayeen -- Film and the Arab-Israeli conflict -- Fortifications -- France, Middle East policy -- Franco-Lebanese Treaty -- Franco-Syrian Treaty -- Index -- G-O -- List of entries -- List of maps -- General maps -- Galilee -- Galut nationalism -- Gamaat Islamiya -- Ganzouri, Kamal al- -- García Granados, Jorgé -- Gaza Raid -- Gaza Strip -- Gaza Strip disengagement -- General Intelligence Agency, Palestinian -- Genesis, Book of -- Geneva Accord -- Geneva Peace Conference -- Geography of the Middle East -- Germany, Federal Republic of, Middle East policy -- Giddi Pass -- Glubb, Sir John Bagot -- Gog and Magog -- Golan Heights -- Goldmann, Nahum -- Gonen, Shmuel -- Green Line -- Gur, Mordechai --

Ha-Avara -- Habash, George -- Habib, Philip -- Hadassah -- Haganah -- Haifa -- Halukka -- Hamas -- Hammarskjöld, Agne Carl Dag Hjalmar -- Hanit, Attack on the -- Haniyeh, Ismail -- Hapoel Hatzair -- Haram al-Sharif -- Haredim -- Harel, Isser -- Hashemites -- Hashomer -- Hasidic Judaism -- Haskalah -- Hasmonean Tunnel incident -- Hassan II, King of Morocco -- Havlaga -- Hawatmeh, Nayef -- Hawi, Khalil -- Hebron -- Hebron Massacre -- Hebron Mosque Massacre -- Hebron Protocol -- Hehalutz movement -- Herzl, Theodor -- Herzog, Chaim -- Hess, Moses -- Hezbollah -- Histadrut -- Hod, Mordechai -- Hofi, Yitzhak -- Holocaust -- Hope-Simpson Report -- Hoveve Zion -- Hrawi, Elias -- Hula Valley -- Hussein, King of Jordan -- Hussein, Saddam - Hussein ibn Ali, Sharif of Mecca -- Husseini, Haj Amin al- -- Ibn Saud, King of Saudi Arabia -- Imam -- Immigration to Palestine/Israel -- Improvised explosive devices -- International Red Cross -- Intifada, First -- Intifada, Second -- Iran -- Iran, Armed Forces -- Iran, -Iraq War -- Iraq -- Iraq, Armed Forces -- Iraq War -- Irgun Tsvai Leumi --

Islamic Jihad, Palestinian -- Islamic Movement in Israel -- Ismail Ali, Ahmad -- Israel -- Israel, Arab population in -- Israel Defense Forces -- Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty -- Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty -- Israeli air strike on presumed Syrian nuclear facility -- Israeli air strikes beginning the Six-Day War -- Israeli Security Fence -- Israeli War of Independence, Israeli-Egyptian Front -- Israeli War of Independence, Israeli-Iraqi Front -- Israeli War of Independence, Israeli-Lebanese Front -- Israeli War of Independence, Israeli-Syrian Front -- Israeli War of Independence, Overview -- Israeli War of Independence, Truce Agreements -- Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades -- Jabotinsky, Vladimir Yevgenyevich -- Jackson-Vanik Amendment -- Jadid, Salah al- -- Jamal Pasha, Ahmad -- Jarring, Gunnar -- Jarring Mission -- Jenin -- Jericho -- Jericho Conference -- Jerusalem -- Jerusalem, Old City of -- Jewish Agency for Israel -- Jewish Brigade -- Jewish Defense League -- Jewish Legion -- Jewish National Fund -- Jihad -- John Paul II, Pope -- Johnson, Lyndon Baines -- Jordan -- Jordan, Armed Forces -- Jordan River --

Kadima Party -- Kaffiyeh -- Karf Qasim Massacre -- Kahane, Meir David -- Karameh, Battle of -- Katsav, Moshe -- Katyusha Rocket -- Kennedy, John Fitzgerald -- Khalaf, Salah -- Khaled, Leila -- Khalid, Hasan -- Khan Yunis -- Khartoum Resolution -- Khatib, Anwar al- -- Khatib, Rawhi al- -- Khomeini, Ruhollah -- Khrushchev, Nikita -- Kibbutz movement -- Kisch, Frederick Hermann -- Kishinev Pogrom -- Kissinger, Henry Alfred -- Knesset -- Kollek, Theodor -- Kook, Abraham Isaac -- Koran -- Kosygin, Alexei -- Kreisky, Bruno -- Kurds -- Kuwait -- Kuwait, Armed Forces -- Labor Party -- Labor Zionism -- Lahoud, Émile Jamil -- Lake Kinneret -- Land Day -- Land rights and disputes -- Laskov, Haim -- Latakia, Battle of -- Latrun, Battles of -- Lavon Affair -- Law of return -- Lawrence, Thomas Edward -- League of Nations Covenant, Article 22 -- Lebanon -- Lebanon, Armed Forces -- Lebanon, Civil War in -- Lebanon, Israeli invasion of -- Lebanon, Israeli operations against -- Lebanon, Israeli Security Zone in -- Lebanon, U.S. interventions in -- Levy, David -- Liberty incident -- Libya -- Likud Party -- Lipsky, Louis -- Litani, Operation -- Literary Club -- Literature of the Arab-Israeli Wars -- Livni, Tzipi -- Lloyd, John Selwyn --

Lobbies, Arab -- Lod Airport massacre -- Lohamei Herut Israel -- London Round Table Conference -- Machine guns -- Macmillan, Maurice Harold -- Madrid Conference -- Magic Carpet, Operation -- Mahfouz, Naguib -- Mahmud, Muhammad Sidqi -- Makleff, Mordechai -- Mandler, Avraham Albert -- Mapam Party -- Marcus, David -- Maritime policies and restrictions -- Marshall, George Catlett -- Masada -- Masada, Jewish Student Organization -- Masada2000.org -- Masri, Munib al- -- McGonagle, William Loren -- McMahon-Hussein correspondence -- Mecca -- Medina -- Meir, Golda -- Meretz -- Merkava tank -- Middle East Regional Defense organizations -- Mines and mine warfare, Land -- Mines and mine warfare, Sea -- Minsk Conference -- Missiles, Air-to-air -- Missiles, Air-to-surface -- Missiles, Cruise -- Missiles, Intermediate-range ballistic -- Missiles, Surface-to-air -- Mitla Pass -- Mizrahi Judaism -- Mollet, Guy -- Molotov cocktail -- Montefiore, Sir Moses -- Morocco -- Morrison-Grady Plan -- Moses, Operation -- Moshavim -- Mossad -- Mount Scopus -- Mubarak, Hosni --

Muhammad, Prophet of Islam -- Mushin, Zuhayr -- Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai -- Munich Olympic Games -- Murphy, Robert Daniel -- Musa, Amr Mahmoud -- Music -- Muslim Brotherhood -- Mwawi, Ahmad Ali al- -- Nabhani, Taqu al-din al- -- Nablus -- Nachshon, Operation -- Naguib, Mohammad -- Nahariya -- Nahr al Bared Refugee Camp, Siege of -- Narkiss, Uzi -- Nashashibi, Fakhri al- -- Nashashibi, Raghib -- Nasrallah, Hassan -- Nasser, Gamal Abdel -- National Democratic Party -- National Progressive Front -- National Security Forces, Palestinian -- Nazareth -- Negev Desert -- Nehru, Jawaharlal -- Netanyahu, Benjamin -- Netanyahu, Jonathan -- New Wafd Party -- Nile River -- Nixon, Richard Milhous -- Nordau, Max -- Nuclear weapons -- Oil as an economic weapon -- Oliphant, Laurence -- Olmert, Ehud -- Organization of petroleum exporting countries -- Osiraq Raid -- Oslo Accords -- Ottoman Empire -- Oz, Amos -- Index --

P-Z -- List of entries -- List of maps -- General maps -- Pale of settlement -- Palestine, British Mandate for -- Palestine, Partition of -- Palestine, Pre-1918 history of -- Palestine Executive Committee -- Palestine Liberation Army -- Palestine Liberation Front -- Palestine Liberation Organization -- Palestine Liberation Organization Phased Plan -- Palestine National Fund -- Palestinian Authority -- Palestinian Christians -- Palestinian elections of 2006 -- Palestinian General Security Services -- Palestinian Legislative Council -- Palestinian National Charter -- Palestinian National Council -- Palestinian Refugee Camp -- Palestinian Special Security Force -- Palmach -- Pan-Arab Congress -- Pan-Arabism -- Patria, Destruction of -- Patriot Missile System -- Patterson, John Henry -- Peace movements -- Peel Commission -- Peled, Elad -- Peres, Shimon -- Persian Gulf War -- Pineau, Christian -- Pistols -- Pius XII, Pope -- Pogroms -- Pollard, Jonathan -- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine -- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command -- Port Said -- Presidential Security, Palestinian -- Preventive Security Organization, Palestinian -- Project Babylon -- Promised land -- Qabbani, Nizar -- Qaddafi, Muammar -- Qassam, Izz al-Din al- -- Qassam Rocket -- Qassem, Abdul Karim -- Qawuqji, Fawzi al- -- Qibya massacre -- Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls -- Qurei, Ahmed Ali Mohammed -- Quwatli, Shukri al- --

Rabat Summit -- Rabin, Yitzhak -- Rafah Tunnels -- Ramallah -- Ramla -- Rantisi, Abd al-Aziz -- Reagan, Ronald Wilson -- Reagan Plan -- Red Sea -- Reform Judaism and Zionism -- Religious sites in the Middle East, Christian -- Religious sites in the Middle East, Jewish -- Religious sites in the Middle East, Muslim -- Reshef-Class Guided-Missile Boat -- Restoration movement -- Revisionist Zionism -- Reza Pahlavi, Mohammad, Shah of Iran -- Rice, Condoleezza -- Rifles -- Right of return, Palestinian -- Rogers, William Pierce -- Rogers Plan -- Roosevelt, Franklin Delano -- Rothschild, Edmond de -- Sabra and Shatila Massacre -- Sadat, Anwar -- Sadeh, Yitzhak -- Said, Edward -- Said, Nuri al- -- Samaritans -- Samu Raid, West Bank -- Samuel, Sir Herbert Louis -- San Remo Conference -- Saudi Arabia -- Saudi Arabia, Armed Forces -- Saudi King as custodian of the Two Holy Mosques -- Sayeret Matkal -- Sephardic Judaism -- Settlements, Israeli -- Shaath, Nabil -- Shaba farms -- Shafi, Haidar Abdel -- Shakur, Yusuf bin Raghib -- Shallah, Ramadan Abdullah -- Shamir, Yitzhak -- Shammout, Ismail -- Shara, Farouk al- -- Sharett, Moshe -- Sharm al-Sheikh -- Sharon, Ariel -- Shas -- Shaw Commission -- Shazar, Shneur Zalman -- Shazly, Saas el- -- Shia Islam -- Shin Bet -- Shiqaqu, Fathi -- Shishakli, Adib al- -- Shomron, Dan --

Shultz, George Pratt -- Shultz Plan -- Sidqi, Atif -- Sinai -- Sinai Campaign -- Sinai 1 and Sinai 2 Agreements -- Siniura, Fuad -- Siniura, Hanna -- Six-Day War -- Smilansky, Yizhar -- Smuts, Jan Christian -- Sokolow, Nahum -- Somoa Raid -- South Lebanon Army -- Soviet Jews, Immigration to Israel -- Soviet Union and Russia, Middle East policy -- Special night squads -- Spector, Yiftah -- Stalin, Joseph -- Star of David -- Stern, Avraham -- Strait of Tiran Crisis -- Straits of Tiran -- Submarines -- Suez Canal -- Suez Crisis -- Suicide bombings -- Summer Rains, Operation -- Sykes-Picot Agreement -- Syria -- Syria, Armed Forces -- Tal, Israel -- Talmud -- Tammuz I reactor -- Tank warfare -- Tanks -- Tel Aviv-Jaffa -- Terrorism -- Tiberias -- Tlass, Mustafa -- Tnuat Hamoshavim -- Tomb of the Patriarchs -- Tripartite Declaration -- Truman, Harry S. -- Trumpeldor, Joseph -- Tschlenow, Yehiel -- Tsomet -- Tunisia -- Turkey, Middle East policy -- Turkmani, Hassan al- --

U Thant -- United Arab Republic -- United Jewish Appeal -- United Kingdom, Middle East policy -- United Nations, Role of -- United nations Charter, Articles 41 and 42 -- United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine -- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization -- United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 -- United Nations Palestine Partition Plan -- United Nations Peacekeeping Missions -- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees -- United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 -- United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 -- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 -- United Nations Special Commission on Palestine -- United States, Middle East policy -- United States Coordinating and Monitoring Mission -- Unmanned aerial vehicles -- Ussishkin, Menahem -- Valley of Tears, Battle of the -- Vanunu, Mordechai -- Vatican, Relations with Zionism and Israel -- Wahhabism -- Waqf -- Warburg, Otto -- Ward, William E. -- Warships, Surface -- Water rights and resources -- Wauchope, Sir Arthur Grenfell --

Wazir, Khalil al- -- Weinberger, Caspar -- Weizman, Ezer -- Weizmann, Chaim -- West Bank -- Western Wall -- White Paper (1922) -- White Paper (1930) -- White Paper (1939) -- Wilson, Thomas Woodrow -- Wingate, Orde Charles -- Wise, Isaac Mayer -- Wolf, John Stern -- Wolffsohn, David -- Woodhead Report -- World Jewish Congress -- World War I, Impact of -- World War II, Impact of -- World Zionist Organization -- World Zionist Organization Executive -- Wye River Agreement -- Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial -- Yadin, Yigal -- Yassin, Ahmed Ismail -- Yemen -- Yemen Civil War -- Wesh Gvul -- Yesha Council -- Yoffe, Avraham -- Yom HaShoah ve ha-Gevurah -- Yom Kippur War -- Young Israel -- Youth Aliya -- Yusuf, Hasan -- Zaim, Husni al- -- Zayyad, Tawfiq -- Zinni, Anthony -- Zion Mule Corps -- Zionism -- Zionist Conference -- Zionist/Israeli socialism -- Zionist Organization of America -- Air Force ranks -- Army ranks -- Navy ranks -- Country profiles -- Chronology -- Glossary -- Selected bibliography -- List of editors and contributors -- Index -- Documents -- List of documents -- Documents -- Index.