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Illinois State Chamber of Commerce.;Illinois. Environmental Protection Agen...
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CHAPTER 16: Soliciting Potential Licensees.
Stim, Richard
CHAPTER 16: Soliciting Potential Licensees.
Profit From Your Idea. Jan2024, p133-154. 22p.
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Trade associations - Trade publications - License agreements - Industrial management - InventorsContent provider:
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Forgetting Slave Sales: Race, Historic Preservation, and the Rationalization of Urban Space in Early-Twentieth-Century New Orleans.
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Journal of Southern History. Feb2024, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p79-118. 40p.
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KLOPFER, NADINE
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Journal of Southern History. Feb2024, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p79-118. 40p.
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The Middleman of the Movies: US Film Exchanges , 1915-1919.
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Historical Journal of Film, Radio & Television. Dec2021, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p641-664. 24p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Maps.
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Abel, Richard
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Historical Journal of Film, Radio & Television. Dec2021, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p641-664. 24p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Maps.
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This essay argues that the US film rental exchange--too often neglected in cinema hist...
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The Middleman of the Movies: US Film Exchanges , 1915-1919.
Historical Journal of Film, Radio & Television. Dec2021, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p641-664. 24p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Maps.
This essay argues that the US film rental exchange --too often neglected in cinema histories--served as an essential link that ensured the efficient distribution of motion pictures, from production to exhibition. To support that argument, it offers a model of historiographical research by putting in play overlapping, multiple histories of the exchange and its operations from 1915 through 1919. First, it looks at the exchange branch offices operated by a number of studios at the national level. Here, film exchanges formed a key nodal point that used scientific management strategies of efficiency to put manufacturers' ephemeral commodities into circulation for the entertainment of mass audiences. Second, it examines large and small exchanges operating at the local/regional level in two dozen cities identified as centres of film distribution. While they served as profitable business models with economic benefits for communities, they also forced authorities to enact stricter fire regulations and to cope with increasing unionisation efforts and strikes. Third, the essay investigates several individual exchanges , in a kind of guided tour, that explores the systematised work of their departments and classifies their employees. Although exchanges offered many employment opportunities for young women, those opportunities often were limited to film inspection and repair, tasks that were extremely dangerous and often paid a relatively low wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Motion picture distribution - Distributors (Commerce) - Job vacancies - Economic models - Business models - Young womenContent provider:
Communication & Mass Media Complete
"Opening of the Clackamas": Log Trucks, Access Roads, and Multiple-Use Infrastructure in Oregon's National Forests.
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Western Historical Quarterly. Summer2022, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p167-193. 27p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Maps.
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Rose, Taylor
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Western Historical Quarterly. Summer2022, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p167-193. 27p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Maps.
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"He Gets Things Done": The Political Career of Alfred Lee Bulwinkle, 1920-1950.
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North Carolina Historical Review. Oct2023, Vol. 100 Issue 4, p369-401. 33p.
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SPENCER, THOMAS T.
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North Carolina Historical Review. Oct2023, Vol. 100 Issue 4, p369-401. 33p.
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"A Force Created": The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and The Politics of Corporate Immunity.
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DePaul Law Review; Spring2023, Vol. 72 Issue 2, p139-170, 32p
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Gilles, Myriam
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DePaul Law Review; Spring2023, Vol. 72 Issue 2, p139-170, 32p
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From the Collection: Selling to the Nation: Clark and Fox's 1830s Stoneware Inkstand.
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Winterthur Portfolio. Winter2019, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p199-229. 31p. 18 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs, 9 Maps.
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Fitzgerald, Michelle
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Winterthur Portfolio. Winter2019, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p199-229. 31p. 18 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs, 9 Maps.
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A stoneware inkstand manufactured between 1829 and 1838 by potters Nathan Clark and Et...
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From the Collection: Selling to the Nation: Clark and Fox's 1830s Stoneware Inkstand.
Winterthur Portfolio. Winter2019, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p199-229. 31p. 18 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs, 9 Maps.
A stoneware inkstand manufactured between 1829 and 1838 by potters Nathan Clark and Ethan Fox near the Hudson River in the town of Athens, New York, encodes a web of business connections tying the Clark family's large, long-lived pottery to an expanding national market. This object in the Winterthur Museum collection and others of its type dating to the nineteenth century represent the importance of managing business relations over long distances in the early national economy, the legal responsibility for sound recordkeeping, and the challenges of making a living as a potter in the United States . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Clark, Nathan - Fox, E. - United States economyContent provider:
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Kilberg, William I.;Schulp, Jennifer I.
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Cato Supreme Court Review. 2008, p189-215. 27p.
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The article discusses the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in 193...
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Cato Supreme Court Review. 2008, p189-215. 27p.
The article discusses the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in 1935 in the U.S. It explores the determination of the Act which provides uniform federal regulation of the relationship between labor organizations and management. However, the Congress amended the bill to respond to the growing imbalance of power which limits labor union's conduct. It mentions the enactment of the Taft-Harley Act in line with the NLRA to require employers to engage in non-coercive speech regarding unionization. It notes the Court's determination concerning labor union's protection of free debate, which struck down California's Assembly Bill (AB) 1889 restricting speech from the recipients of state funds. Further information about the provisions of the NLRA is offered.
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NATIONAL Labor Relations Act (U.S.) - LABOR union laws - LABOR laws - UNITED States. Congress - LEGISLATIVE bills - INDUSTRIAL relations - EMPLOYERS - LABOR movement - UNITED StatesContent provider:
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TELEGRAPH TORTS: THE LOST LINEAGE OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION.
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Michigan Law Review. Jun2023, Vol. 121 Issue 8, p1365-1415. 51p.
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Atkinson, Evelyn
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Michigan Law Review. Jun2023, Vol. 121 Issue 8, p1365-1415. 51p.
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At the turn of the twentieth century, state courts were roiled by claims against teleg...
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TELEGRAPH TORTS: THE LOST LINEAGE OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION.
Michigan Law Review. Jun2023, Vol. 121 Issue 8, p1365-1415. 51p.
At the turn of the twentieth century, state courts were roiled by claims against telegraph corporations for mental anguish resulting from the failure to deliver telegrams involving the death or injury of a family member. Although these “telegraph cases” at first may seem a bizarre outlier, they in fact reveal an important and understudied moment of transformation in the nature of the relationship between the corporation and the public: the role of affective relations in the development of the category of the public utility corporation. Even as powerful corporations were recast as private, rights-bearing, profit-making market actors in constitutional law, a significant minority of rural state courts deviated from the common law to impose liability for mental anguish on negligent telegraph corporations. They did so on the basis that telegraph companies bore a duty to protect the emotional wellbeing and family connections of their customers. In this, courts gave voice to the popular view, voiced by telegraph users and promoted by the companies themselves, of the telegraph corporation as a faithful servant of individual families and communities. In so doing, they embedded the historical and popular perception of the corporation as “servant” into the definition of “public service .” This Article exposes the private law of the public service corporation and the noneconomic dimension of the legal category of “public utility.” Current scholarship has focused on how turn-of-the-century jurists developed the category of “public utility” or “public service ” corporation to justify state economic regulations that would otherwise infringe on corporations’ newfound constitutional rights. The telegraph cases reveal a concurrent and complementary development in tort law: the imposition of affective responsibilities on certain corporations as well. Illuminating this doctrine offers an example of how the public utility category could be mobilized to protect the emotional as well as economic wellbeing of the public today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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TELEGRAPH & telegraphy - LIABILITY for emotional distress - PUBLIC utility laws - GOVERNMENT corporations - ACTIONS & defenses (Law)Content provider:
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BOYCOTTS: A FIRST AMENDMENT HISTORY.
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Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Spring2024, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p95-165. 71p.
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HALPERN, JOSH;BEN DOR, LAVI M.
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Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Spring2024, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p95-165. 71p.
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Anti-boycott laws are more popular and pervasive today than ever before. More than hal...
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BOYCOTTS: A FIRST AMENDMENT HISTORY.
Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Spring2024, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p95-165. 71p.
Anti-boycott laws are more popular and pervasive today than ever before. More than half of U.S. states have "anti-BDS laws" that prohibit recipients of public contracts and state investment from boycotting the State of Israel. And almost as many have proposed or passed "anti-ESG" rules that restrict boycotts of fossil fuels, firearms, and other contested industries in similar ways. These controversial rules have triggered a fierce debate--and nationwide litigation--over whether the First Amendment includes a "right to boycott." This Article is the first to take up the question from a historical standpoint. Examining the boycott's constitutional status from before the Founding to the present era, we find that state actors have consistently treated the boycott as economic conduct subject to governmental control, and not as expression presumptively immune from state interference. Before the Founding, the colonists mandated a strict boycott of Britain, which local governmental bodies enforced through trial proceedings and economic punishments. At common law, courts used the doctrine of conspiracy to enjoin "unjustified" boycotts and hold liable their perpetrators. And in the modern era, state and federal officials have consistently compelled participation in the boycotts they approved, while prohibiting participation in the ones they opposed. The Article concludes that modern anti-boycott laws not only fit within, but improve upon, this constitutional tradition. As the Supreme Court's 1982 decision in NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware illustrates, the common-law approach risks violating the First Amendment if applied to restrict not only the act of boycotting or refusing to deal, but also the expressive activities that accompany such politically motivated refusals. Modern anti-boycott laws minimize that problem by surgically targeting the act of boycotting while leaving regulated entities free to say whatever they please. Hence, from the standpoint of history, these laws reflect First Amendment progress, not decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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BOYCOTTS - PUBLIC contracts - INVESTMENTS - UNITED States. Constitution. 1st Amendment - ISRAELContent provider:
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Second Amendment Exceptionalism: Public Expression and Public Carry.
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Texas Law Review. 11/1/2023, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p65-122. 58p.
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Zick, Timothy
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Texas Law Review. 11/1/2023, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p65-122. 58p.
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In New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen, the Supreme Court recognized a right ...
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Second Amendment Exceptionalism: Public Expression and Public Carry.
Texas Law Review. 11/1/2023, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p65-122. 58p.
In New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass'n v. Bruen, the Supreme Court recognized a right to carry firearms in public places. The scope of that right will depend on where, why, and how governments regulated public carry during the eighteenth and perhaps nineteenth centuries. The Court claimed that its turn to history for determining the scope of' Second Amendment rights "accords with" and "comports with" how the Court has interpreted First Amendment rights. This Article examines and rejects that claim, both in general and specifically as it applies to the public exercise of Second Amendment rights. Although Bruen purports to seek interpretive parity, the Court is construing the Second Amendment as an exceptional super-right. Second Amendment doctrines are shaping up to be the mirror opposite of First Amendment public forum and time, place, and manner doctrines. Although governments will retain broad authority to restrict and sometimes ban public expression, they may have very iimited authority to restrict or ban public carry. Indeed, ifcourts apply a rigid historical standard to public carry laws, Americans will have stronger rights to carry jirearms in public places than to speak there-an anomalous and astonishing result in a democracy committed to peaceful discourse. Recognizing a public carry super-right will produce dangerous disparities in terms of the scope of fundamental rights, chill public expression, and privilege self-defense over selfgovernment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Subject terms:
UNITED States. Constitution. 2nd Amendment - NEW York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen - DEMOCRACY - SELF-defense - CIVIL rightsContent provider:
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African Agricultural Production, Food Trade, and the State in Southern Malawi, 1859-1940.
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International Journal of African Historical Studies. 2022, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p45-67. 23p.
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Nkhoma, Bryson
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International Journal of African Historical Studies. 2022, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p45-67. 23p.
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HYBRID-STATUS IMMIGRANT WORKERS.
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Duke Law Journal. Jan2024, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p737-799. 63p.
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HAMBURGER, JACOB
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Duke Law Journal. Jan2024, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p737-799. 63p.
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Precarious work arrangements have become a dominant feature of twenty-first-century po...
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HYBRID-STATUS IMMIGRANT WORKERS.
Duke Law Journal. Jan2024, Vol. 73 Issue 4, p737-799. 63p.
Precarious work arrangements have become a dominant feature of twenty-first-century political economy. One employer strategy that has contributed to eroding workers' rights and protections is misclassifying employees as independent contractors, avoiding the obligations that come with employee status. Recently, policymakers in some states and at the federal level have sought to combat this trend by expanding the definition of employment, notably by adopting the three-prong standard known as the ABC test. The misclassification problem has received much attention in both legal scholarship and public discourse, but these discussions have not sufficiently addressed how these reforms affect a particularly vulnerable subset of precarious workers: undocumented immigrants without federal employment authorization. Immigrant workers often depend on independent contractor status to work. Federal immigration law requires employers to verify that all employees--but not independent contractors--are permitted to work in the United States . As a result, immigrants can work as independent contractors without having to claim fraudulent work authorization. New reforms may improve working conditions for immigrants in precarious occupations by extending to them many of the protections of labor and employment law. However, these reforms may also have the unintended consequence of shutting immigrant workers out of the formal economy by defining more work arrangements as employment. This Article examines how efforts to combat employee misclassification can include immigrants without federal work authorization. It argues that immigrant workers can hold a hybrid status: defined as employees under new, broader labor and employment law definitions of the term while remaining independent contractors for immigration purposes. As a result, these reforms do not trigger new work authorization verification requirements for employers that make it harder for immigrants to work. At the same time, allowing this hybrid status to exist between work law and immigration law contexts will likely require action on the part of both state legislatures and federal agencies. In the fast-evolving context of immigration federalism, promoting hybrid status for unauthorized workers promises to be a powerful tool for states seeking to implement an inclusive immigration agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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PRECARIOUS employment - ECONOMICS - POLITICAL economic analysis - ECONOMIC research - TWENTY-first centuryContent provider:
Legal Collection
Political Polarization in America.
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Brooklyn Law Review. Fall2023, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p177-220. 44p.
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Biermant, Leonard;Gely, Rafael
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Brooklyn Law Review. Fall2023, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p177-220. 44p.
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The article investigates the growing political polarization in the U.S. and its specif...
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Political Polarization in America.
Brooklyn Law Review. Fall2023, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p177-220. 44p.
The article investigates the growing political polarization in the U.S. and its specific ramifications on industrial democracy and labor law. It analyzes its effects on democratic processes, social relationships, and worker-management dynamics and explore how this polarization challenges the fundamental principles of U.S. labor regulation.
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POLARIZATION (Economics) - LABOR laws - EMPLOYEE participation in management - DELEGATED legislation - UNITED StatesContent provider:
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Annual Report of the Georgia Historical Society for the Year 2022.
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Georgia Historical Quarterly. 2023, Vol. 107 Issue 1, p72-157. 86p.
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GROCE, W. TODD
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Georgia Historical Quarterly. 2023, Vol. 107 Issue 1, p72-157. 86p.
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PARALLEL PLAY: THE SIMULTANEOUS PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY CAMPAIGNS AGAINST UNETHICAL IP PRACTITIONERS BY THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA.
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Akron Law Review. 2023, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p325-408. 84p.
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Cohen, Mark A.
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Akron Law Review. 2023, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p325-408. 84p.
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The article compares the professional responsibility campaigns against unethical intel...
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PARALLEL PLAY: THE SIMULTANEOUS PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY CAMPAIGNS AGAINST UNETHICAL IP PRACTITIONERS BY THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA.
Akron Law Review. 2023, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p325-408. 84p.
The article compares the professional responsibility campaigns against unethical intellectual property (IP) practitioners in the U.S. and China. Topics discussed are disciplinary authority and international disciplinary role of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), China as a trademark and patent superpower and its consequences for the bar, evolution of U.S. and China trademark enforcement campaigns, alternatives to attorney discipline, choice of law rules and international practice.
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INTELLECTUAL property - PROFESSIONAL ethics - TRADEMARKS - PATENTS - CONFLICT of laws - UNITED States. Patent & Trademark Office - CHINA - UNITED StatesContent provider:
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The Roberts Court and the Unraveling of Labor Law.
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Minnesota Law Review. 2024, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p1407-1488. 82p.
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Roser-Jones, Courtlyn G.
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Minnesota Law Review. 2024, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p1407-1488. 82p.
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Labor law comprises several doctrines and procedures that oversee the relationships be...
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The Roberts Court and the Unraveling of Labor Law.
Minnesota Law Review. 2024, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p1407-1488. 82p.
Labor law comprises several doctrines and procedures that oversee the relationships between employers, unions, and the workers they represent. These doctrines--the duty of fair representation, exclusivity, good-faith bargaining, captive-audience speech, and rights of equal access--are all component threads to a tapestry designed to facilitate widespread organizing and collective bargaining. Yet the Roberts Court has brushed aside how entwined these threads are and, in so doing, has undercut labor law's far-reaching mandate. Likewise, this Court has disregarded the expertise of the National Labor Relations Board, the administrative agency tasked with weaving together specific legal canons in ways that reflect labor's broad policy initiatives. This Court's 2018 decision in Janus v. AFSCME remains the most blatant upending of embedded labor doctrine in history. But it is not the last. Rather, in a series of maneuvers, the Roberts Court has unraveled interwoven labor strands without regard for the careful balancing of interests or the core principles labor's entire legal system strives to maintain. What remains is a mishmash of compromising doctrines that, when viewed apart from each other, are hard to reconcile with expanding protections of individual liberties. That is, these remain until they too are unwound by a judiciary scripted to play only a minor role in labor's specialized regime. In this Article, I describe ongoing efforts to extend Janus's reasoning and interpretive methods as a roadmap to overriding collective bargaining obligations, and as a series of roadblocks to future labor reform. But these routes have a toll. As the Court considered another high-profile labor case this past term, the aftermath of a worldwide pandemic has shined new light on workplace inequity and renewed public support of organized labor. As such, the Roberts Court's chipping away at labor strike protections and preemptive guardrails in Glacier Northwest, Inc. v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters has profound implications for more than just labor law and the labor movement. Out of step with public preferences again, Glacier Northwest, Inc. and other Janus-extending decisions are central in debates on the Court's legitimacy and its role in shaping social and economic landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Subject terms:
DOCTRINAL theology - LABOR laws - EMPLOYERS - LABOR unions - UNITED States. National Labor Relations Board - GOVERNMENT agenciesContent provider:
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ESTABLISHING A STRICT LIABILITY STANDARD FOR RELEASING PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
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Indiana Law Review. 2023, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p199-225. 27p.
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HAIDER, ISRA
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Indiana Law Review. 2023, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p199-225. 27p.
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The article examines the need to establish a strict liability standard for the release...
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ESTABLISHING A STRICT LIABILITY STANDARD FOR RELEASING PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES (PFAS) INTO THE ENVIRONMENT.
Indiana Law Review. 2023, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p199-225. 27p.
The article examines the need to establish a strict liability standard for the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the environment under the Restatement (Second) of Torts 520. It provides a history of PFAS and their impact on health and discusses the legal tests being used to impose strict liability on an activity, and the policy implications of applying strict liability to PFAS release into the environment.
